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0044 Cathay and the way thither : vol.2
中国および中国への道 : vol.2
Cathay and the way thither : vol.2 / 44 ページ(カラー画像)

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doi: 10.20676/00000042
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284   NOTICES OF THE LAND ROUTE TO CATHAY, ETC.

the said Company, for the good and honour and prosperity of the said Company, and for his own, and for that of whosoever shall read or transcribe the said book. And this copy has been made from the book of Agnolo di Lotto of Antello, and the said book was transcribed from the original book of the said Francesco Balducci.

This is followed by several pages of explanations of abbreviations and technicalities of different countries, which are used in the book. Thus :

Tarnunga in Tauris,' and throughout Persia, at Trebizond, at Caffa, and throughout all the cities of the Tartars ; Pesa-clone in Armenia ;2 Doana,3 in all the cities of the Saracens, in Sicily, in Naples, and throughout the kingdom of Apulia;

Piazza, Fonclaco,4 Binclanajo, also throughout all Sicily and

1 Tunizi is printed in the Decima, but unquestionably it should be Torizi. Tamungha no doubt stands for Tamgha, a name which was applied to all

customs and transit duties under the Mongol Khans of Persia. (See   à
D'Ohsson, iv, 373, 386.) The word meant a seal, and going still further back was the term applied to the distinguishing brands of cattle among the Mongols. (V. Hammer, Gold. Horde, 220.) When Sultan Baber was engaged in a holy war with the Rajput Rana Sanga, he made one of his great abjurations of wine, and vowed that he would renounce the Tamgha if victorious. Accordingly he published a firman, solemnly announcing his repentance, and declaring that in no city or town, on no road or street or passage should the Tamgha be received or levied. The translators render it stamp-tax, but the pAssages in D'Ohsson, as well as Baber's words, seem to show that it was a transit duty. (Baber, p. 356.)

2 Among documents of the kingdom of Lesser Armenia quoted in Dulaurier's papers referred to above, we find Pasidunt and Pasidonum, with the meaning of Customs, custom-house, and Capitaneus Pasidonems de Ayacio, as the appellation of the chief of the custom-house in that port. (J. As., ser. v, tom. xviii, 326, 327.) Pasidonum is a Latinization of the Armenian Pc~jdiln, from pdj, toll or customs, a word still existing in that language. (St. Martin, in Notices et Extraits, xi, 115, 117.)

3 Doana, or in modern Italian Dogana,. is believed to be from the Arabic Dewdn, " council, council-hall, tribunal." Giov. da Uzzano spells it Dovana, which seems somewhat to confirm this derivation. (Della Dec., iv,

119 )

4 Some of these seem to be names of particular payments, not of duties or customs in general; piazza, probably a market tax; fondaco, payment for warehousing, which he elsewhere calls fondacaggio. Alfandega,

however, is custom-house in Portuguese.