little town called PARUIN,' and this was the last in the Mogul's territories. After five days' repose they proceeded to cross over very lofty mountains by a journey of twenty days, to the district called AINGHAR1N,2 and after fifteen days
1 Parwan, in a nook of the Hindu Kush, has, from its position near the terminus of several of the chief passes, often been famous in Asiatic history. It is evidently the Karwan of Jaubert's Edrisi (a mistranscription for Farwan)—" The town of Farwân is of no great size, but a nice enough place with agreeable environs, thronged bazars, and rich inhabitants. The houses are of clay and brick. It is situated on the banks of the river Banjhir (Panjshir). This town is one of the principal markets of India" (i, p. 477). At Parw ,n the army of Chinghiz was checked for the moment in 1221, being defeated by the Sultan Jalaluddin of Khwarizm. And in an action near Parwan in 1840 took place the ominous misconduct of a regiment of Bengal cavalry, which caused the day to he lost, with the lives of several valuable officers, though Dost Mahomed Khan surrendered immediately afterwards.
2 Here the great number of days occupied in the various portions of the journey is perplexing in the detail as well as erroneous in the total (as we have seen it to be). Gas and his party are made to take seventy-five days from Kabul to Talhan (the identity of which can scarcely be doubtful), a journey which could scarcely have occupied more than sixteen to twenty at most.
Wood, in his unsuccessful attempt to cross one of the Passes of Parwan (perhaps that followed by Goes), on the second clay reached the village I-ANGHERAN, and Ahingaran is also mentioned in Leech's Report as a village on one of the passes from Parwan at twenty-six miles from the entrance of the pass. But this place is on the south side of the mountains, whilst the Aingharan of Goes is on the north. Either it has been confounded with Andarab, or as is very possible the name, which I suppose is Ahan-gharc n, The Iron-Mines," recurs. Indeed just before receiving the proof of this sheet I have observed the recurrence of the name in another locality, suggesting a different view of Goes's route over the mountains, for which I refer to the note on the Passes at the end. Calcia, (Kalsha, Kalacha, Kilasiya?) is a great difficulty, as it was evidently a place of some importance, but no place of the name can be traced. Khuïum, however appears to have been in the possession of a family called Khallach or Killich, and it is possible that that town may be meant (see Elphinstone's Caubul, ii, 196; also Burnes, iii). I must not, however, omit to mention that on the north side of the Oxus in this longitude, occupying part of the hill-country east of Bokhara, there is a poor but independent people of Persian race called Ghalchas. Meyendorff calls them very swarthy, but Valikhanoff says expressly : The Tajiks have dark complexions and hair, whilst fair people are found among the Ghalcha." This might explain the yellow-haired people mentioned by Goes, and his use of the expression Calciensium
IIIF Color HighRes
