IIIF Color HighRes
National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
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| IIIF Color HighRes |
| Sino-Iranica : vol.1 |
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Citation Information
THE WALNUT 265
in the northern part of China (1b X ),— a statement repeated
in the K'ai-pao pen ts'ao. The Yu yan tsa tsu, which is well informed on the cultivated plants of Western and Central Asia, does not contain the tradition relating to Can Kien, but, on the other hand, does not speak of the tree as a novel introduction, nor does it explain its name. It begins by saying that "the kernel of the walnut is styled `toad'
ha-mo ."i
Mon Sen A, who in the second half of the seventh century wrote the Si liao pen ts'ao,2 warns people from excessive indulgence in walnuts as being injurious to health.' The T `ai p`in hwan yu ki
by Yo k (published during the period T`ai-p`in, A.D. 976-981),
mentions the walnut as being cultivated in the prefecture of Fun-sian Î G IA in Sen-si Province, and in Kiwi 6ou .' )'h( in San-si Province.'
According to the Pen ts'ao kcal, mu, the term 1114 t`ao first appears in the Pen ts'ao of the K`ai-pao period (968-976) of the Sung dynasty, written by Ma Cif 4 ; that is to say, the plant or its fruit was then officially sanctioned and received into the pharmacopoeia for the first time. We have seen that it was certainly known prior to that date.
K`ou Tsun-si 4, in his Pen ts'ao yen i a of I116,5 has a
notice on the medicinal application of the fruit.
It is possible also to trace in general the route which the walnut has taken in its migration into China. It entered from Turkistan into Kan-su Province, as stated by Su Sun (see above, p. 258), and gradually spread first into sen-si, and thence into the eastern provinces, but always remained restricted to the northern part of the country. Su Sun expressly says that walnuts do not occur in the south, but only in the north, being plentiful in sen-si and Lo-yan (Ho-nan Province), while
those grown in K`ai-fun (Pien 6ou iT were not of good quality. In the
south only a wild-growing variety was known, which is discussed below. Wan Si-mou IE f, a native of Kian-su, who died in 1591, states in his Kwo su 1 6, a treatise on garden-fruits, that "the walnut is a northern fruit (pei kwo 1L *), and thrives in mountains; that it is but rarely planted in the south, yet can be cultivated there.i' Almost
' This definition is ascribed to the Ts`ao mu tse `. * - in the Ko ci kin yuan
(Ch. 76, p. 5); that work was written by Ye Tse-k`i A in 1378 (WYLIE,
Notes on Chinese Literature, p. 168).
2 BRETSCHNEIDER, Bot. Sin., pt. I, P. 45.
3 T`an Sun pai k`un leu rie, Ch. 99, p. 12.
4 T'ai p`in hwan yü ki, Ch. 30, P. 4; Ch. 47, P. 4 (ed. of Kin-lin . u kü, 1882).
5 Ch. 18, p. 6 b (ed. of Lu Sin-yüan).
6 Also J. DE LOUREIRO (Flora cochinchinensis, p. 702) states that the habitat of Juglans regia is only in the northern provinces of China.
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