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National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
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| IIIF Color HighRes |
| Sino-Iranica : vol.1 |
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Citation Information
IRANO-SINICA—CHINA ROOT, PAPER 557
Canton laic-fan-ran, at Amoy lin-hoan-toan. It must be borne in mind that final Portuguese m is not intended for the labial nasal, but indicates the nasalization of the preceding vowel, am and â being alternately used. The frequent final guttural nasal it of Chinese has always been reproduced by the Portuguese by a nasalized vowel or diphthong; for instance, tuf âo ("typhoon"), given by Fernâo Pinto as a Chinese term, where fa- o corresponds to Chinese fun (" wind") ; tutao, repro-
ducing Chinese to-t`uit ("Lieutenant-General"). Thus the tran-
scription lam patam moves along the same line. The Portuguese designation of the root is raiz da China ("root of China ") .
There is an overland trade in this root from China by way of Turkistan to Ladakh, and probably also to Persia.' The plant has been known to the Chinese from ancient times, being described by Tao Huh-kit)) The employment of the root in the treatment of Morbus americanus (yak mei to cwan tg14 -11 ) is described at length by Li Si-èen, who quotes this text from Wan Ki tE ft, a celebrated physician, who lived during the Kia-tsin period (1522-66), and author of the Pen tstao hui
pien - This is an excellent confirmation of the synchronous
account of Garcia.3 Li Si-ben states expressly, "The yan-mei ulcers are not mentioned in the ancient recipes, neither were there any people afflicted with this disease. Only recently did it arise in Kwan-tun, whence it spread to all parts of China."
24. Of Chinese loan-words in Persian, HoRN 4 enumerates only câi (" tea"), câddn ("teapot"), nu ("paper money "), and perhaps also kâgaa or kâgiô ("paper"). As will be seen, there are many more Chinese loans in Persian; but the word for "paper" is not one of them, although the Persians received the knowledge of paper from the Chinese. This theory was first set forth by HIRTH,5 who asserts, "The Arabic word kâghid for paper, derived from the Persian,' can without great difficulty
be traced to a term ku-chili tik (ancient pronunciation kok-dz'),
which means `paper from the bark of the mulberry-tree,' and was already used in times of antiquity." This view has been accepted by
1 T`oung Pao, 1916, P. 477.
2 Pen tstao lean mu, Ch. 8 B, p. 2; also Ch. 4 B, p. 6 b; BRETSCHNEIDER, Bot. Sin., pt. III, p. 32o.
3 I have sufficient material to enable me to publish at some later date a detailed history of the disease from Chinese sources.
Grundriss der iran. Phil., Vol. I, pt. 2, p. 7.
T'oung Pao, Vol. I, 189o, p. 12; or Chines. Studien, p. 269.
s In my opinion, the word is of Uigur origin (kagat, kagas), and was subsequently adopted by the Persians, and from the Persians by the Arabs. In Persian we have the forms ktiyad, kâyid, kâyaz, and kâgiz (Baluci kâgad). Aside from this vacillating mode of spelling, the word is decidedly non-Persian. See, further, below, p. 558.
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