IIIF Color HighRes
National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
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| IIIF Color HighRes |
| Sino-Iranica : vol.1 |
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Citation Information
564 SINO-IRANICA
spread to Central Asia (Tibetan deb-t`er, Mongol debter, Manchu debtelin) .1
The use of parchment on the part of the people of Parthia (An-si) has already been noted by the mission of Can Ktien, who placed it on record that " they make signs on leather, from side to side, by way of literary records." It is accordingly certain that parchment was utilized in Iran as early as the second century B.C. There are also later references to this practice; for instance, in the Nan ß`i,2 where it is said that the
Hu (Iranians) use sheep-skin A as paper. The Chinese have hardly
ever made use of parchment for writing-purposes, but they prepare parchment (from the skins of sheep, donkeys, or oxen) for the making of shadow-play figures. The only parchment manuscripts ever found in China were the Scriptures of the Jews of K`ai-fon, which are also mentioned in their inscriptions.3
Most of the Chinese loan-words in Persian were imported by the Mongol rulers in the thirteenth century (the so-called Il-Khans, 1265-1335), being chiefly terms relative to official and administrative institutions. The best known of these is pdizah, being a reproduction of
Chinese p`ai-tse , an official warrant or badge containing imperial 2
commands, letters of safe-conduct, permits of requisition, according to
the rank of the bearer, made of silver, brass, iron, etc. They were
taken over by the Mongols from the Liao and Kin,' and are mentioned
by Rubruck, Marco Polo,' and Rasid-eddin.
Titles like wan lE ("king, prince "), t'ai wan * lE ("great
prince "), kao wan r 3E ("great general "), t'ai hu J ("empress "),
fu &n (Persian furin) J A (title for women of rank), and kun cu
!~ ("princess ") were likewise adopted in Mongol Persia.' Persian
jinkstinak, title of a Mongol prefect or governor, transcribes Chinese e`en sianc i1 (" minister of state ") .7
From Turkish tribes the Persians have adopted the word toy
| 1 T`oung Pao, 1916, p. 481. 2 Ch. 79, P. 7. s Cf. J. TOBAR, Inscriptions juives de K`ai-fong-fou, pp. 78, 86, 96 (note 2). 4 CHAVANNES, Journal asiatique, 1898, I, p. 396. 5 YULE'S edition, Vol. I, p. 351, which consult for a history of the p`ai-tse; see, further, LAUFER, Keleti Szemle, 1907, pp. 195-196; ZAMTSARANO, Paiza among the Mongols at the Present Time (Zapiski Oriental Section Russian Archœol. Soc., Vol. XXII, 1914, pp. 155-159). 6 E. BLOCHET, Introduction à l'histoire des Mongols de Rashid Ed-din, p. 183; and Djami el-Tévarikh, p. 473. Regarding the title wan, see also J. J. MODI, Asiatic Papers, p. 251. Cf. my notes in T`oung Pao, 1916, p. 528. | 41 |
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