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0407 Sino-Iranica : vol.1
Sino-Iranica : vol.1 / Page 407 (Grayscale High Resolution Image)

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doi: 10.20676/00000248
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INDIAN ELEMENTS IN PERSIAN PHARMACOLOGY   581

than four Sanskrit plant-names,— kadara, kadala, kandara, and kandata, while the Tohfat states that kader is called kawi in India, being a tree similar to the date-palm, the flower being known as kaburah (p. 197); kader, accordingly, is an Arabic word, while kawi is the supposed Indian equivalent and may correspond to Sanskrit kapi (Emblica oficinalis, Pongamia glabra, or Olibanum). These examples suffice: the twenty-one identifications proposed by Jolly are not convincing. Many of these have also been rejected by Achundow.

The Indian loan-words in Persian should occasionally be made the subject of an exhaustive study. A few of these are enumerated by P. HORN.' Kurkum (" saffron"), however, is not of Indian origin, as stated by him (cf. above, p. 321). Skr. surd, mentioned above, occurs in Persian as sur ("rice-wine ") . Middle Persian kapik, Persian kabi ("monkey"), is derived from Skr. kapi.2

1(1) . aruz, P. birinj, rice (Oryza saliva) . Cf. above, p. 373.

2(5). utruj, P. turunj, citron (Citrus medica). From Skr. mdtulunga (above, p. 301), also mdtulanga, -ldnga, and -linga.

3(11). ihlilaj, P. halila, myrobalan (Terminalia chebula). Skr. haritaki (above, p. 378).

4(76). balilaj, P. balila, Terminalia belerica, Skr. vibhitaka (cf. T`oung

Pao, 1915, p. 275).

5(12). amlaj, P. amela (amela, amula), Emblica oficinalis or Phyllanthus emblica. Skr. amala (also dhdtri), provided the botanical identification is correct; phonetically, P. dmila would rather point to Skr. (7mla or amlikd (Tamarindus indica), Chinese transcription an-mi-lo, *am-mi-la. Abu Mansur states that "there is a variety sir-amlaj; some physicians erroneously read this name §ir-amlaj, believing that it was administered in milk (fir); but this is a gross error, for it is sir, and this is an Indian word, and amlaj signifies `without stone.' I was there where amlaj grows, and have seen it with my own eyes." The etymology given is fantastic, but may have been communicated to the author in India.

6(33). atmat, Nelumbium speciosum or Nelumbo nucifera (p. 205). "It is a kernel like an Indian hazel-nut. Its effect is like that of Orchis morio. It is the seed of Nymphcea alba indica, and is as round as the Indian hazel-nut." Both the botanical identification and the translation appear to me somewhat questionable. Cf. No. 47.

7(36). dzddraxt, dzddiraxt, Melia azadiracta. Abu Mansur adds gi. ian as the Arabic name of the plant. Ibn al-Baitar (LECLERC, Vol. I,

1 Grundr. iran. Philol., Vol. I, pt. 2, p. 7.

2 HÜBSCHMANN, Pers. Studien, p. 87.