IIIF Color HighRes
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| Sino-Iranica : vol.1 |
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Citation Information
530 SINO-IRANICA
tamed in the Sui Annals, belongs to the latter part of the sixth century. According to SALEMANN,1 Iranian initial x.§- develops into Middle-Persian .§-; solely the most ancient Armenian loan-words show adx- for x§-, otherwise § appears regularly save that §x takes the place of inter-vocalic x§.2 In view of our Sino-Iranian form, this rule should perhaps be reconsidered, but this must remain for the discussion of Iranian scholars.
N .§a-ye, *sat (saô) -ya. Title of the sons of the king of
Persia (Wei §u, Ch. 102, p. 6; T'ai p`in hwan yü ki, Ch. 185, p. 17). It corresponds to Avestan x§aOrya ("lord, ruler ") .3 The princes of the Sasanian empire were styled saOra dran.4 According to Sasanian custom, the sons of kings ruled provinces as "kings."' Regarding in transcriptions of Iranian names, cf. the name of the river Yaxartes (Sui ..u, Ch. 83, p. 4b) Yao-sa, that is *Yak-saô(sar). As the Middle-Persian name is Xsart or Asart (Pazend Asard),6 we are bound to assume that the prototype of the Chinese transcription was *Axsârt or *Yaxsârt.
p i-tsan, but, as the fan-ts`ie of the last character is indicated
by 4- Vii, the proper reading is i-ts`at, *i-dzaS, i-dza(3, designation of the
king of Pârsa A St or fig I a g PR: Wei u, Ch. 102, p. 6; T'ai
p`in hwan yü ki, Ch. 185, p. 17). The Chinese name apparently represents a transcription of Ixse6, the Ixsidh of al-Bërûni, title of the kings of Sogd and Fergana, a dialectic form of Old Persian x.âyaOiya.7 IxseS is the Avestan x.aeta ("brilliant "), a later form being §édah. It must be borne in mind that Sogdian was the lingua franca and international language of Central Asia, and even the vehicle of civiliza-
1 Grundriss der iran. Phil., Vol. I, pt. I, p. 262.
2 Cf. also GAUTHIOT, op. cit., p. 54, § 61.
3 K. Hori's identification with New Persian Sea (Spiegel Memorial Volume, p. 248) must be rejected. The time of the Wei su plainly refers to Sasanian Persia; that is, to the Middle-Persian language.
4 A. CHRISTENSEN, op. cit., p. 20. Cf. Old Persian xsçm, xsaçam ("royalty, kingdom"), Avestan xsaOrem, Sanskrit ksatram (A. MEILLET, Grammaire du vieux perse, p. 143); xsaOrya corresponds to Sanskrit ksatriya.
NÖLDEKE, Tabari, p. 49; Grundriss, Vol. II, p. 171. I think that H. POGNON (Journal asiatique, 1917, I, p. 397) is right in assuming that "satrap" was a purely honorific title granted by the king not only to the governors of the provinces, but also to many high functionaries.
6 WEST, Pahlavi Texts, Vol. I, p. 80.
7 See SACHAU, Chronology of Ancient Nations, p. 1o9; F. JUSTI, Iranisches Namenbuch, p. 141; A. MEILLET, Grammaire du vieux perse, pp. 77, 167 (xsâyaeiya pdrsaiy, "king in Persia"); F. W. K. MÜLLER, Ein Doppelblatt aus einem manichâischen Hymnenbuch, p. 31.
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