国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

94   THE CHINESE GEOGRAPHERS ON THE SOURCE OF THE BRAHMAPUTRA.

sufficient to show that if such a lake exists, it must be situated east of the Gang-lung glacier or source of the Satlej, for so far as I could see the course of the river

Chema-yundung no lake was visible. Here is also another proof that my view about the identification of the source of the Satlej was correct, or, at any rate, in harmony with the sound and unprejudiced opinion of Chinese geographers.

This description is even better than d'Anville's map of this region. He seems so far to have misunderstood the Chinese hydrography, that he has placed the name

Yarou Dsancpou ou Tsanpou R. along the river which corresponds to Chema-yundoung. That this is simply a slip of the pen is proved by the fact that the other, southern branch, corresponding to Kubi-tsangpo or Tamchok-kamba, really comes directly from MM Tamtchouc. In the same region (Pl. VII) d'Anville has a M. Cocoun Kentchian or, as on his general map of Tibet, simply Cocoun M., which, as far as the situation is concerned, exactly corresponds with the Kubi-gangri.

Further the text tells us that the first considerable tributary to the Yere-tsangpo is the Naouk-dzangbo. The Maryum-chu is not even mentioned, and indeed, as compared with the Kubi-tsangpo, it is a mere brook. The Naouc Tsanpou R. is entered on d'Anville's map and may be identical with Nain Sing's Chu Nago R. The Gouyang, which joins the Tsangpo from the Himalaya lower down, is probably my Gyang-chu I and KAWAGUCHI's Kyang-chu. 2 Of the following rivers mentioned the Djochotghi choung is one of the rivers from Toshot, the Dzaka dzangbo chu is Chaktak-tsangpo, which can easily be called the river of Dzaka or Saka-dsong. The Dok tchou is my Dok-chu3 or Raga-tsangpo, the Chang is Shang-chu and the Djouangdze is Nyang-chu coming from Gyangtse.

After having examined the existing material Klaproth arrives at the result that the Yærou dzangbo tchou which had been regarded as the upper course of the Brahmaputra, was in reality the upper course of the Irrawaddi. He builds up his theory on a mistake made by the Chinese authors : 4

»I1 y a encore une autre rivière qui passe par l'extrême frontière de Yun nan, c'est le Pin lang kiang (fleuve de l'Arec). Sa source est dans le Ngari ou Ari, province du Tubet, à l'est du mont Gangdis, sur le mont Damdjouk5 kabab, c'est-à-dire bouche de cheval. Ce fleuve reçoit plus bas le nom de Yærou dzangbo; il coule généralement vers l'est, en déviant un peu au sud; passe par le pays de Dzangghe et la ville de Jïkargounggar ...6

The map accompanying his article is very well made for the time.? On the fantastic hybrid of a river that is drawn on it we find the following names: Yarou dzangbo tchou R. ou Grand Kin-cha-kiang, Fleuve à Sable d'Or, Pin lang kiang ou

I »Trans-Himalaya», Vol. II, p. 88.

2 Compare below, Vol. II.

3 »Trans-Himalaya», Vol. I, p. 417.

4 Op. cit., p. 394. With this should be compared the new translation by E. Haenisch (p. io8).

5 Tamchok.

6 This is from an order issued by Emperor Kang Hi in 1721 and based upon information given him by high Tibetan lamas.

7 Carte du cours inférieur du Yarou dzangbo tchou, par J. Klaproth, 1828.