CHINESE MAPS OF TIBET. I13
The I\Ianasarovar is mentioned under the name of A-o-ta chih or Lake Anavatapta, situated to the south of Kang-ti-ssû or Kailas. Rockhill tells us that the I-t'ung-chih mentions, among the lakes of Tibet, »Ma-pin-mu to-la, 200 li N.E. of Ta-ko-la in Ngari, and 65 li S.E. of mount Kailas. It is the source of the Ganges and is over 18o li in extent. Lake Chi-ka, 170 li N. of Ta-ko-la and 34 li S.W. of the Kailas. It is over 300 li in extent, and is connected with Ma-pin-mu-to-la.» The Chi-ka is therefore our Langak-tso.
Rockhill illustrates his important article with a Route map of Ulterior Tibet, taken from Hsi-chao-t'u-lüeh, of which Pl. VIII is a reproduction. Unfortunately it does not reach sufficiently far to the west. But Kang-ti-ssû comes in, and is indeed drawn as the highest mountain of Tibet. West of it is La-ta-ko (Ladak), south is A-li (Ngari), and N.E. is Sa-ko (Saka). To the north is a Salt Lake, but there is no Tso-mavang. The Kailas is correctly shown as situated south of the Transhimalaya. In two cases the tributaries are in connection with each other, forming rings.
Finally Pl. IX is the reproduction of a map for which I am indebted to Professor Edouard Chavannes who accompanied it with the following words: »Je vous communique le fascicule contenant des cartes, de Si tsang t'ou k'ao 'Cartes avec notes critiques sur le Tibet'. Cet ouvrage a été rédigé en 1886 par Houang T'cik'iao.» The hydrography of this map has obviously been derived from the same sources as d'Anville's map of 1733, of which a reproduction will be found in volume III of this work (compare also Pl. LI below). In the west of the map we find how the Ganges is formed by two branches, after which the joint river in a sharp bend turns east and south-east. The northern branch is in reality the upper Indus, the southern is the Satlej. Between both, near their junction, is a lake which on d'Anville's map is called Dsakion Somtou. The Satlej branch comes from two lakes, on d'Anville's map Mapama Talai and Lanken, or Tso-mavang and Langaktso. Other great resemblances with d'Anville's map may be found, for instance in the representation of Tengri-nor and Jamdok-tso.
IIIFカラー高解像度
