国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

KIRCHER'S ACCOUNT OF ANDRADE'S JOURNEY.

167

know it, but he speaks of it. In this particular point, therefore, I cannot share Wessels' opinion.

Kircher goes on to say that Andrade continued to China or Cathaie from Rudok; he was only two months on the way, and travelled through the kingdoms of Maranga and Tanchut of the Tartars. This is of course impossible, and depends upon a misunderstanding.

The second map in Kircher's work I does not quite agree with the description in the text, but still, this map is an important and curious document, being the final result of a learned man's desperate struggle with great difficulties in getting all the seemingly contradictory information he had gathered, to agree. The map is also a hopeless confusion, where only the principal lines are recognisable, but all the details upside down. Leaving alone the rest of this wonderful map for the present I will only try to explain its hydrography (see Plate XI). The map is so utterly different from all other maps of the time that its compilator must here have had at his disposal a material not available to other cartographers.' Kircher's map, published in 1667, and 167o, belongs to a type of its own, so far as Central Asia and Northern Hindustan are concerned. It is an anomaly in the development of Central Asiatic cartography. And this must depend upon the fact that the compilator has tried to make an illustration to Andrade's discoveries, assisted by the information given by Father Henri Roth, and the Christian native Joseph.

To the north the Indian peninsula is bounded by the Montes Tebetici. As there are only a few detached mountains south of this range, nobody will doubt that it is meant to be the Himalaya. The very highest part of this range is a nameless mountain and north of it is Radoc (Rudoc). So the mountain in question is meant to represent Kailas. Near the summit, but still on the southern side of the culmination, there is a rather big lake, and from this lake the Ganges takes its beginning, and thence flows to the S.E. This is the »tangue» or pool of Andrade. On the mountain and just south of the lake are written the few words which give the key to the understanding of the whole problem: Origo Gangis et Indi. In spite of this, and in spite of the text, which also says that the Indus begins from the lake, the map represents the three Indus branches as situated west of the mountain and joining at Athec (Attock), which is indeed more correct. Thus the Indus comes down from mountains situated north of Casmir. At the uppermost part of the western Indus branch we read Pallaur, — Bolor(?).3 Remembering the Indian view of the hydrography we ought not to be surprised to find the Ganges coming directly out of the Manasarovar. We find the same mistake on D'ANVILLE's map, nay even on

I Op. cit. p. 65.

' It should be compared with Visscher's map of about 168o, Nicolosi's of 166o, and Cantelli's of 1683, described and reproduced hereafter.

3 The map has also a Belor mons north of Lassa Regnum.