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0300 Southern Tibet : vol.1
南チベット : vol.1
Southern Tibet : vol.1 / 300 ページ(白黒高解像度画像)

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doi: 10.20676/00000263
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MAPS OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY.

II

194

means Yunnan, which borders on Tibet, — begin to melt, the rivers swell to such a degree that the whole country becomes inundated of it, as Egypte from the waters of the Nile.» 1 In this case Leria probably means Salwen and Mekong which have their sources in Tibet, and only flow through Yunnan.

Finally Martini has heard, from Chinese informants, that nearly all of the greatest rivers which flow to the south, amongst them the Ganges of Bengal, and the rivers of Pegu and Siam, have their sources in the mountains of Kwen-lun. We must remember that Martini had at his disposal for the countries west of China only very poor and false maps, and that he had no easy task in locating the Kwen-lun; which he supposes is not very far from Lahor and the kingdom of Tibet.2 Thus in this case the Ganges comes from the Kwen-lun. But at another place 3 he says: »Just there (note: from where the Ganges takes its source), towards the west, is a very great lake which is called Kia, from which come the Ganges & the other rivers I have marked on the map.» It would therefore seem as if Martini imagined the Kwen-lun to be situated somewhere between the Tibet Regnvm and the Kia L. of his map, as the Ganges comes both from the Kwen-lun and the Kia Lacus. And here we have the poor Ganges starting upon a new visit to China.

It seems to have taken a few years before the great northern branch of the Hwangho, coming from its lake near the coast of Mare Tartaricum was finally extirpated from the maps. While F. DE WITT on his map of about 166o4 has accepted the Hwangho of Martini, he has retained the long northern branch, which is to be found on Ludovicus Georgius' map of 1584 (Pl. XXIV), and then on Hoeius' of 1600 (Pl. XXVI), and on Ianssonius' 1641 (Pl. XXVIII). THEVENOT, who makes a reprint of Martini's map, has entered a river coming from the west and flowing north of Kokonor,5 and not existing on the original map. Kircher faithfully follows Martini.6

Returning to the S.W., we find that also the example given by Sanson d'Abbeville in 1654 was followed in the next years. Such is the case with the Indian map of de Witt, about 166o, on which the Cincui Hay Lacus stands as an anachronism,7 and with a map of NICOLOSI, 1660.8 To the same category belongs the map illustrating the work of FRANÇOIS BERNIER, 167°,9 and certainly innumerable others.

I Novus Atlas, p. 24; Recueil, p. 164.

2 >)Montes Quenlun, quibus ortum (of Hwangho) debet, omnino Amaseos esse existimo, eosque

haud ita procul dissitos ab altera magni Mogoris Regia, quam Laor vocant, aut a regno Tebet, imo iisdem in montibus scaturire Gangem Bengale, Meson Laorum, Historemque Cambogie, aliosque non ignobiles fluvios, qui Sion & Pegu regiones irrigant, ipse locorum regionumque situs suadet. plurima enim maximaque flumina, que Austrum versus manant, inde suam petere originem, demonstrant Sine.» Novus Atlas, p. 14.

3 Novus Atlas, p. 23; Recueil, p. 163.

4 Tabula 'I'artarie et majoris partis Regni Chine. s Relations de divers voyages curieux, Paris 1666.

6 China Illustrata, 1667.

7 Magni Mogolis Imperivm de novo Correctum et Divisum Per F. de Witt Amstelodami.

8 Dell' Hercole e stvdio geografico di Gio. Battista Nicolosi ... Vol. 2. Roma 166o.

9 Voyages de François Bernier, Amsterdam 1699. The first edition appeared in 167o.