国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

220   MAPS FROM THE FIRST THIRD OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.

dunque significa ... Mar grande dalle rive del quale successivamenta discostandosi it Padre, entrô in terra Toktokai ...», while on both Delisle's maps Toktokai remains at a considerable distance west of Grueber's route. In another point he follows Grueber closely, as may be seen from his maps, namely when the Father

»Questo è un mare .   di done hà l'origine it flume Giallo

says of Koko-nor: di China.»

If Koko-nor appears twice on Delisle's map, we find Lhasa thrice, under different names. The first is Utsang, capital in the Kingdom of Utsang, the two provinces of U or Wei and Tsang, which we remember from the title of the Chinese work Wei-tsang-t'u-chih. This Utsang Delisle places south of the river Maurousso, since Huc's and Prshevalskiy's memorable journeys better known as Mur-us or Murussu, and also as Di-chu, or the upper Yangtse-chiang. North of the river is

M. Bainhara or Bayan-khara-ula, continuing eastwards in the range Altountchi »terroir d'ou l'on tire de l'or».'

Continuing southwards, past Moriul, we reach Poutala residence du Grand Lama, which is the second Lhasa of the map. The third, Lassa or Barantola, is the capital of the Kingdom of Lassa or Boutan.

E.N-E. of Poutala is Grueber's Retink, at the southern foot of M. Tanla. Is this Tanla meant to be Nien-chen-tang-la, the eastern Transhimalaya? It seems so, for Potala and Reting-gompa are indeed situated at the southern foot of the Transhimalaya. But such conclusions are useless as there are three Lhasa's on the map. Add to this that on the northern side of Delisle's Tanla is a river Aghdame, now known as Akdam, a right tributary to the Mur-ussu. Dr. TRONNIER identifies Grueber's Toktokai with Mur-ussu.2 On Delisle's map both are entered as separate rivers, and Toktokai is also called Hatounousso. The latter may perhaps be identical with the Hatun-gol of Prshevalskiy,3 the Mongol name for the Yellow River where it leaves Oring-nor; as gol, ussu, and muren all mean river in Mongol, the river in question can as well be called Hatun-ussu, exactly the same as the Hatounousso of the map.

To return to Tanla we read south of this range the name Tgoumera, which sounds somewhat like d'Anville's Tchimouran and Littledale's Charemaru, as the highest peak of Nien-chen-tang-la is said to be called. On Delisle's map, however, the name is attached to a tent-camp.

I In Jaggatai Turki altunchi means both gold-digger and goldsmith. In the mountains south of Lop-nor there are many gold-mines, the most important of which is Bokalik. (See my works: Through Asia, II, p. 923, 957, and 96o; Central Asia and Tibet, I, p. 470, II, p. 197; Pet. Mit.

Erg. Bd XXVIII, p. 6 and 23, where two villages are mentioned, called Altuntji, one near Posgam, the other at Khotan: and Scientific Results, Vol. II, p. 16 and 93, etc.)

2 L. c. p. 346. I shall have to return to this question in connection with the journeys of Grueber and Huc. For the present be it sufficient to say that Rockhill crossed the river Toktomai on

June 18, 1892, and the Murus on the 22nd. Diary of a Journey through Mongolia and Tibet, Washington, 1894, p. 212 and 216.

3 At Kyakhtiy na Istoki Sholtoy Reki, p. 154.