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Geology - Grass : Eastern Pamir

Geology, s .alsoCretaceous, Eruptive

11 1   formations, Faults, Folding, Fol-

ded strata, Fossils, Jurassic, Lacustrine formations, Palaeo-

$      zoic beds, Stratigraphy, Tecto-
nic lines, Tertiary, Trias. Geomorphological nature of Tibe-

tan las. VII: 498f.

Geomorphology: of Kwen-lun VII: 412, 422; Tibet VII: 491-600;

Transhimalaya V: 211, VII : 501

-505, 545-548, 561, 571. -, s. also Morphology. Geyser-like sp. in Gartang val.

IV: 184.

Ghat line, the III: 107, 192. Ghischa, i. e. Cladorhora fracta

VI3: 181;

111.   Gieumal-sandstone V: 199 ff., 207 f.

it!   Glacial erosion II: 89, VII: 292,

~►

465f., 504, 5o8 ff.;

- periods : in Kara-korum VII:

292, 430, 434, 444, 465, 481, 508; Pamirs VII: 419, IX: 15,

-.   20. Tibet II: 154, 172, 174 -178,

III: 218, VII: 442, 506 -510.

•  trough of Manasarovar VII : 504. Glaciers : Dimensions, fall, lower limit of Asiatic VII : 421 f., 443f.,

450f., 454, 464, 466f., 471, 483, 485; as sources of rivs. II: 82,

129, 140, 205 -210, VII : 450, 452 ; variations, especially in Kara-korum II : 34, 82, 136, 145, 172, 184, 193 -200, 208, IV: 47, 207, VII : 128, 178 -182, 196,

199, 207, 234ff., 295, 354, 361,

!:.   379, 394, 397, 403, 421f., 428,

430, 434, 436, 441f., 446f., 449f., 457-460, 465 f., 470 f., 481 f., 484 f., 508 ; lakes II : 261, VI I : 471; marks

VII: 45o; mouth, snouts II: 205f., 208, 261, VII: 45o, IX: 51; streams, at Shelshel Ps. II: 138; tongues IX : 32, 54, 62.

•  in Himalaya I: 281, II: 40, 72, 171f., 178, 199, 205 -208, 285, VII: 248f., 421f., 460, 471, 508.

•  Kara-korum II: 193f., 199, IV: 8, to, 207, 214, 216, VII: 233 238, 295, 421, 428 -433, 445,

461, 47o, 484f., 508, 584.

•  Kwen-lun IV: 45, 61, 63, 219,

VII: 397, 411f., 551, 583 ff.

•  Eastern Pamir IX : 3, 15, 18

-21, 23, 3o-33, 35f., 39 -42,

48-55, 57f., 61-64, 67.

•  Tibet II: 177f., 207, III: 218,

`   IV: 99, 120, 226, 229f., 247, 249,

284 f., VII: 205, 575, 582; Gold-stream ctry. IX4: 78, 84, Ioo;

Transhimalaya I: 268, II : 77, 82, 97, 112, 12I, 142, 149 f., 230f., 233, 235 ff., 239, 243 f., 247 f.,

252, 255ff., 26o, 264, 274, 316, 33o, III: 176, 282, 289f., 293,

302, 307f., 31o, 316f., 319, 327f.,

341, 358-361; IV: 362f., 376, 398f., VII: 458.

159

Transhimalaya III : 274, IV : 306,

308-314, 319, 323, 376, 379, VII: 502.

Gorges, s. also Canons.

Gradients of slopes and vals. in Tibet IV: 375, VII: 506f., 521 ff., 530f., 543; list of, along Hedin's routes IV: 407-420, VI1: 2 133, VIL 547•

• , s. also Fall.

Gramineae VI3: 92 -95.

Granite: in Kara-korum III: 173, IV: 252, VII: 198, 220, 222, 255,

430-433, 441 ff., 449f., 462f.,

465f., 472, 476, 478, 481, 485,
575; Kwen-lun IV: 44 f., VII:

278, 409, IX: 7, 9, I r ff., 46, 51, 53f., 59, 61 ff., 66, 77f., 136, 138f., 148, 154, 158, i6off., 163 f.,169 f., 171 ff. ;Ladak Range, VII: 277, 28o; western Central Transhimalaya II: 29, 32, 87, 89,

93, 150, 157, 159, 167, 21I, 255,

259, 261, 263, 265f., 315, 320,

328, III: 173, 319, 327, 341, IV: 183, 194, 374ff., 378f., VII: 127, 201; middle Central Transhimalaya III: 289, 291, 295f., 310,

312, 317, 319, 321, 348, 351, 355, 358f.; eastern Central Transhi-

malaya II: 294f., 298f., 303 ff.,

III: 257` 259f., 266-27o, 276, 291, 295, VII: 387; weatheringof III : 26o; specimens V: 12, 24, 26,

.31f. 44 f., 48,53 f., 98 f.,122,150 159, 170, 176, 181, 188, 201, 204f., 210, TX: 136, 138f., 143, 148, 154 ; muscovite-turmaline

bearing V: 16, 64, 77, 79, 85 -9o, 93f., 130, 144, 15o ff., 156 ff., 204 f. ; pegmatitic V: 47f., 5r f.,

57, 61, 82, 109, I21, 130, 196f.; varieties in Himalaya, Transhima-

laya V: 88 ff., 152, 155 -159, 176, 2o4 f. ; veins V: 84f., 88, 103.

s. also Biotite-muscovite-granite, Chemical analysis, Intrusions, Schriftgranite.

•  -aplites V: 153f., 158f., 170.

•  -porphyry IV: 188, 192, V: 23, 55f., 75, 108, 117, I19, 121f., 133, 138, 153, 158f., 170f., 188 ff.,

IX: 154, 160.

Granitic debris II: 79, 86, 224,

IV: 7.

Granitite IV: 249, 269, V: I r ff.,

I S f., 39, 47 f •, 50, 77 f ., 84 ff., Io8, 122, I26, I28, 130, 135,

151f., 192, 204.

Granophyre III: 338, V: io8, 117,

153.

Graphite IX: 144f., 155, 166.

•  -schist IX: 143.

Grass: in Kara-korum IV: 213f.,

216ff.

•  Eastern Pamir IX : 5, 7 ff., II,

14f., 22 ff., 27, 30, 32, 34-39, 43 -46, 48, 5o, 52, 56ff., 61f., 70, 74, 81 f.

Glaciers, s. also Crevasses, Glacial

periods, Nevées, Snow, eternal,

Snow-line, Velocity of gls. Glauconite V: 76, 78f., IX: 175.

•  -sandstone IX: 157, 176. Glaucophane V: 28.

Globigerina IX: 176.

Gneiss : in Kara-korum VII : 222, 255, 28o, 327, 344f., 37o, 430 -

433, 435, 465, 476, 485.

•  Kwen-lun VII: 225, 278, 287f.,

344.

•  Eastern Pamir IX : 4, 15, 21,

3o, 33, 35, 46, 71, 14of., 143, 156, 164.

•  Tibet II: 89, 93, 150, 157, 159, 167, 211, 252, 261, 263, 298, 315 f.,

IV: 4, 183, 327, V: I r, 144.

•  , specimens V: 1 1, 144, IX: 14o f., 143, 146, 156.

s. also Amphibole-, Biotite-, Epi-orthoclase-, Garnet-andalusite-, Hornblende-, Meso-alkalifelspar-, Plagioclase-gneiss.

•  -granite IV: 4, 9f., 12, V: II, 13, 15f., 74, 86, 90, 176f., VII: 347,

IX: 135f., 139 ff., 145, 148, 152,

155-158, 163, 169, 173.

•  -, s. also Biotite-(hornblende-) plagioclase-g.-g., Garnet-hornblende-g.-g., Hornblende-g.-g., Plagioclase-g.-g.

•  -granitite, specimens from Tibet

V: iiff., 155f.

•  -massive of Ladak-Baltistan

VII: 422.

•  -mylonite IX: 141, 143 f., s. also Plagioclase-mylonite-gneiss. Goa-antelopes III: 322, 329, 365. Goats : in Eastern Pamir IX : 13, 20,

28, 34, 42, 47f., 54f., 57, 61, 73, 78, 82; in Tibet II: 309, 327,

III: 286, 313, IV: 95, 264, VII:

465-

Goat-skins, air filled, for passage

of rivs. IX: 80.

Gold in Tibet and Turkistan I: 73, 75, 135f., 210 f., 220, 255f., 267, 275, II: 8o, 105, 107f., I10, 125,

3. 133f., 146f., 210, 288, 368,

4.  88f., 94, 96f., 99-102, 108, 113ff., 126, 129, 242, 245, 250, 259f., VII: 8, 185, 251, 257, 283,

VIII: 18, 22, 333, 427, IX: 84.

•  -road (serpun) II: 108, III: 32, 367, IV: 126. gompas II: 15, 33, 79, 119, 302, 310,

IV: 4, 200, 271, S. also Monasteries.

Gomphonema Gen. VI3: III, 113, 137ff.

Gorges : in Chang-tang IV: 122, 148; Gold-stream ctry. IX4: 79, 81, 91 -130; Himalaya VII: 502, 505, 533; Kara-korum IV: 207-210, VII: 253, 477; Eastern Pamir IX: 8, Io, 12f., 19, 23f.,

30, 34, 42, 44f., 47, 49, 57, 63, 73, 76; Upper Satlej-Indus rg.,