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Hydrography : Eastern Turkistan - Killagan-ak

161

VII: 342, 522f., 532; Ragatsangpo II: 273f., 287, III: 268, 297, IV: 352; Satlej II : 6, 41, 124, 127, 132, 137, 144, 32o, VI1: 119; Tsangpo II: 235, 241, 257, 264, 27of., 273ff., 284f., 287f., 296, 301, 303f., 3o8, 318, 322f., 326, 329f., III: 154, IV: 340, 362, VII: 450, 533, 542.

Hydrography : Eastern Turkistan VII: 551f., VIII: 8 -14, 72 ff., 377, 385f., 389, 393ff.

-, s. also Antecedent rivers, Bif urcations, Depth, Desiccation, Drainage area, Erosion, Fall, Fordableness, Ice, Inundations, Lakes, Meanders, River-beds, old, Rivers, Size, Sources, Springs, Subterranean drainage, Swamps, Terraces, Tributaries, Volume, Water-shed, -temperature.

Hygrometric Investigations VI1: VII.

Hypersthene V: 83, 115, 123, 178.

•  andesites V: 164.

•  -augite-diabase V: 178.

•  - -diorite IV: 202, V: 123, 165, 170, 178.

•  -dacite V: 115 f., 164. Hypersthenic rocks II: 87.

Ice: of gls. and sps. III: 140, 301f., IV: 244, 265, VII: 123, 443, 471, 508.

•  in vals. during spring and summer II: 115, 239, IV: 295, IX: 14, 16.

•  in Kara-korum vals. IV : 207 - 210, 212 -216.

77, 8off., 88,

Ice-mount., i. e. Gangri or Muztagh II: I14, III: 358.

•  -sheets IV: 88-91, 107, 11o,

112, 118, I2I f., I26, 130, 141,

151, 154, 158, 169, 177, 188,

195, 199f., 220f., 228, 243-248, 25o, 26o, 270, 273, 284, 287f., 292, 294, 299, IX: 50, S. also Ice.

Igneous rocks V: IoI, IX: 37, s.

also Eruptive formations. Incarvillea Younghusbandii VI3:

42, 99.

Incense VIII: 219, 221 ff., 444. Indra I: 5, 9.

Inoceramus II: 86 , V: 200f., 208.

Inscriptions : Tablet of Yii VIII: 128f; Chinese, of antiquity VIII : 148, 156f., 161; Chinese, in Tibet IX4: 9f., 79f.; Tibetan I: 19f., IV: 168, VII: 464, IX4: 7; old Turkish VIII: 238; Nestorian in Hsi-an-fu VIII: 237, 26o; Sabaean VIII: 219.

Insects IV : 297.

Insolation IV: 35.

Intrusions (granite) V: 190, 197, 200, 204ff., 210.

Inundations I : 236, II : 322, III : 350, IV: 265, VII: 255, 46o, IX: 27; of Indus II: 62, IV: 187, VII: 205f., 281, 286, 396; Tsangpo I: 95, II: 322, 33o.

-, s. also Cataclysms.

Iranian race IX : 47.

Iron VIII: 117, 138f., 337, 427,

IX: 7.

•  ore in Hedin'sf rock specimens

44, 54

•  on Eastern Pamir rivs. IX: 14,   109, III f., 135, 151 ff., 165 -

18, 21, 36, 48, 52, 8o, 84.   168, s. also Ferriferous rock spe-

•  las. and pools of Tibet II : 35, ' cimens.

130, 133, 228, III: 253, 295, 308, - period of Chine VIII: 138f. 313, IV: 49, 57f., 83, 91, io7 f., Irrigation : under climatic change

14off., 147, 221, 237ff., 255, 264,   II: 189.

268, 373, 377; Chunit-tso III: í - in Eastern Pamir IX: 5, 7, 24,

317, IV: 297, 299; Manasarovar   26f., 41, 44, 71, 73, 78, 83ff.
II:48,13of.,133,160,164;Ngang- - in Tsangpo rg. II : 280, 295,

tse-tso III: 253, IV: 168 -175;   297, 299f., 302, 304, 32o, III: 271.

Jack-daws IV: III, 239.

Jade (Ch`iu-lin) I: 197, VIII: 8f.,

18, 66f., 70, 78, 117, 140, 143,

167, 401, IX4: 14, 159.

Jambudvipa, Ctry. I: 3, 6, 8, 81,

VII : 4, VIII: 37, 47 -5o, 54, 245-249, 282ff., 447.

jangal, i, e. forest IX: 57, 102.

Janglam, a road to Rudok III : 144. Jang-tang, i. e. untilled pasture-ground III: 174.

Jasper (Chalcedony) II: 159, III: 28o, IV: 316f., V: 6, 39, 56, 57f.,

76. 8off., 86, Ioi, 103, 116, 142,

167, 171, 175, 187, 194, 197, 199, 207f., 212, VII: 450.

jer-baghri, a plant IV: 41. Jesuits, geographical knowledge and merits I: 56, 73, Ioo, 210,

242, 245, 259, 266, II: 6f., 13, 6o, III: 16, 29, 48, VII: 26-29, 47,

302f., VIII: 281f., 287ff., s. also Missionaries.

Jews in Tibet I: 47.

jilga, i. e. side val. IX: 34, 103.

Jongpon, a Tibetan Governor III: 139.

Juncaceae VI3: 9o.

Jungle II: 107, 227f., IV: 197, S. also Forest.

Juniper III: 264, 269, 285, IX: 28,

77. 82.

Jurassic period : different rocks II:

86, 96, V: 37, 130, 187, 190, 194,

201, 204, 208, VII: 333, 502, IX:
173f; limestone V: 87, 99, VII:

344, 462 ; quartzite, sandstone
V: 69, 173, 184, 189, 209; schists

V: 63, 97, 176f., 185, 196.

- -Cretaceous series V: 184, 192,

194, 198-201, 206, 209, VII: 502.

Shuru-tso III: 291 f., 303; brks.

and rivs. in Tibet II: 49, 160,

III: 249-252, 254f., 257, 322 -

355, IV: 69f., 73f., 7'7-91, 94,

•  canals (arik) II: 302, IV: 201, 317, 327.

Islam I: 46f., III: Ioo, VII: 184,

196, VIII: 39ff., 66ff., s. also

98, 121, 13off., 141 f., 144ff.,   Mosques, Shiah, Sunnites.

148f., 158, 162, 164, 169, 176, Islands: in (Kubi-, Martsang-)

Tsangpo II: 253, 259, 271; Manasarovar and Rakas-tal I: 37, 51, 79, II: 84, III, 116, 133, 154, III: 348, IV: 368f.; other Tibe-

tan las. II: 109, 228, 326, III:

312, 348, 354, 361 ff., IV: 399f., VII: 5", 514.

Isobaths in Manasarovar II: 164. Isoclinale val. of Ngari-tsangpo V:

225f., 243, 26of ., 27o f., 284f.,

288, 291, 296; of Indus and tributaries III: 341, IV: 182, 184, 186, 188ff., 192 ff., 197ff., 201f.; Tsangpo and tributaries II: 241, 273, 288, 294, 296, 299ff., 304, III: 267ff.,

-, s. also Freezing, Crevasses.

•  -cascades III: 275f., IV: 26o, VII: 443, IX: 3o.

•  -caverns II: 208.

143.

Isostasy : relation between dprs. and

-- -covered mts. IV : 364, 371,   elevation VII : 564.

IX: 20f., s. also Glaciers.   Itineraries, s. Roads.

Kabab's, sources of Sacred rivs.

II: 85, 129, 217, 237, 249. Kalidium gracile VI3: 85f. Kampa-series V: 204, 207. kara-gai, spruce of Tien-shan IX:

28.

kara-öi, i. e. black tent IX : 29. karaul's in Eastern Pamir IX: 13,

,   , 59, 66, 7o f.

kara33ulch44i, i. e. watchman IX: 4, 8,

14.

karaul-khaneh IX: 5, 7, 13, 105. Karrenfelder V: 34, 107, 185. kayin, i. e. birch IX: 56, 104. kechik, i. e. ford IX: 8o 105. keng, i. e. broad IX: 13, 106. Khagan, title I: 43f., 5o, 57, 81,

VIII: 22, 233, 267, 277ff.

khan-6i, residency of a Khan IX:

53.

k'harpons, i. e. commanders of

forts VII: 184.

Khoja, title VIII: 4o9 f., IX: 105. Khuntaiji, title I: 258. Killagan-ak, i. e. Utricularia VI3:

181.

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