IIIFカラー高解像度
国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
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| IIIFカラー高解像度 |
| Across Asia : vol.1 | |
| アジア横断 : vol.1 |
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引用情報
RECORDS OF THE JOURNEY
land unfit for cultivation (for which taxes are, nevertheless, paid). The villages are divided as follows among the different Begs: in each Beg district there is a Mirabbeg, who controls the distribution of water and has as many Kukbashis under him as the Beg has Quzbashis or Yuzbegs, as they are called here.
The villages of Shahyar, Atbashi, Yamansu, Aqtokai, Sugetlik, Tosma and Bashaghnagatcha, with about goo farms (about 1,200 households) altogether, form a Beg district with g Yuzbegs. The population is about 5,000. In one Yuzbeg's district the land area can be estimated at about 12 hou per farm, in another's at To hou and in those of the 7 others at 6. There are 150 flourmills in the district and 8o establishments for the production of linseed oil.
The villages of Larym mazar, Qara Khuja, Besh Terek and Kui Bagh fam another Beg district with 7 Yuzbegs. The number of houses is 490, with 1,30o individual landowners. The population is about 5,000. 6o flourmills, 23 grain mills and go oil establishments. The field area is about 6 hou per farm.
The third Beg district, also with 7 Yuzbegs, consists of the villages of Qarabagh, Djamazim, Kuche, Qara Khuja, Surgun, Yangi Hissar and Khotan. 490 farms with about r,000 landowners and about 6 hou each and 3,50o inhabitants. 5o flourmills and 40 oil establishments.
The villages of Ach-tagh, Toqsun, Jarbeg and Qara Khuja are administered by a fourth Beg with g Yuzbegs, of whom 2 have Too farms, 6 have 7o and r has only 5o to control. 67o farms with 6 hou of field each and 18 grain mills and 8o oil establishments.
Aqyar forms 2 Beg districts with 16 Yuzbegs altogether. The villages there are Kazgan, Mazar, Kucheche, Qarabash, 011uk, Kucherma, Upkä, Tim, Tayin, Kökula, Tevangi Kucherma, Tagardji, Turnen, Aqyar, Eski and Tubangiaqyar. The number of farms is 86o with 1,400 landowners and about 4,000 inhabitants. 72 flourmills, 32 grain mills and 52 oil establishments. The town itself consists of Soo Sart, r 10 Dungan and Too Chinese houses. In taxes in the whole of the Uch Turfan district 10,30o tan of grain are levied, for which 2 tan are paid irrespective of the kind of grain. (125 djin of wheat cost about r r. go c. and maize about 1 r. ro c. in the bazaar.) In addition 1,360,000 djin of straw are levied in money at 8o cop. per Too djin. The difficulty of ascertaining the actual rate of taxation here is increased by the fact that the unit of land (hou) is of unknown size. Abdul Kadyr has during the last 3 years paid, according to his own statement, ro, 8 and 13 lan at the discretion of the authorities. In other words, whatever is demanded, is paid. — The Kirghiz apparently pay T lan per kibitka. Formerly they had to supply 500 sacks of charcoal which the Begs divided among the taxpayers. Now this liability seems to have been abolished. Nor do they seem to do any military service. In the Bedel karaul there are two recruited Kirghiz, in the Bashaghma karaul only 3 Chinese and there seem to be no other karauls. — According to the aksakal the Kirghiz form the follwiong 4 groups:
The Kirghiz tribes Cherik, Kakshal and Si with 490 kibitkas and 1,50o people, 36,000 sheep, 5,000 horses, 2,200 cows and goo camels inhabit Qara Bulaq, Balgundi,
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