国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
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Across Asia : vol.1 | |
アジア横断 : vol.1 |
敦煌 敦煌は2つの要塞から成っている。外側のものは、高さ3 1/2尋で、日干しレンガで出来ており、銃眼付き胸壁のある壁である。壁の外には、防御区域があり、幅は約3尋で、所々粉々に崩落している高さ1尋の銃眼付き胸壁がある。堀があるが、現在は、所々で失われている。焼きレンガで造られたアーチ状入り口の門は、一重で、通常の壁の突出部の中に組み込まれている。それらの前面には、防御区域の胸壁が建てられており、外門はその中に建てられている。壁の突出部は小さく、堀の側には置かれていない。角の突出部も同様である。全ての壁の突出部の城壁の上には、1つずつ、そしてそれらの間に1つ時に2つの、胸壁の上に建っている塔の形をした高さ1尋の粘土の建物があり、平原と城壁に向かって小穴が設けられている。壁の内側の区域は、南壁と東・西壁の南側部分を除いてぎっしりと人が居住しており、それに沿って大きく開けた細長い地面がある。北には、政府の穀物貯蔵庫を含む建物がある。内側の要塞は、同様の壁があり、そこでは、銃眼付き胸壁、アーチ状入り口、そして内側の門が組み入れられている壁の一部が焼きレンガで出来ている。門は壁の突出部にて防御されており、門から門までは14ヤードある。外門は10ヤード、内門は18ヤードの奥行きである。門の上の城壁には、木製の格子造りの塔があり、角や壁の突出部には、小さな小穴付きの粘土の建物がある。平原に面している壁の外側にだけ、堀や外面の防御区域がある。その外の街の建物は、東と北に面している壁の足元に迫っている。外側の街の非常に荒廃している壁と異なって、内側の要塞は比較的よく保持されている。 地面は様々な平地にたくさん耕作地のある平野であり、多くの水路が走っており、時折高台や、家屋、木々や小さな木立、土壁と埋葬塚がある。南と南東では、地面はさらに覆われて日陰となっている。川の西岸も同じ特徴を有しているが、西岸から東岸をわずかに眺望できる。夏の間は、地面にかなりの日陰をつけなければならない。川は歩いて渡ることができる。50-60尋の幅で、固い川床で、急流で水は馬のひざまである。川が水路の向こう側に溢れ出る高水位の時期には、とても多量の水が水路に排出されると言われている。地面は多くの道路が走っており、しばしば深く沈む。筆者による作図TUN-HUANG. Tun-huang consists of 2 fortresses. The outer one - a wall, 3 1/2 fathoms high, of unbaked bricks with a crenellated parapet. Outside the wall a protected space, about 3 fathoms wide, with a crenellated parapet, 1 fathom high, which has fallen to pieces in places. There was a fosse, but it is now missing in some places. The gates in the arches of baked bricks, single, built into ordinary wall projections. In front of them the parapet of the protected space is raised and an outer gate has been built in it. The wall projections are small, do not flank the fosse, the corner projections likewise. On the ramparts in all the wall projections there is 1 and between them 1, sometimes 2, small tower-shaped clay buildings rising 1 fathom above the parapet and provided with loopholes towards the plain and the ramparts. The space inside the wall is densely populated with the exception of the S wall and the southern part of the E and W walls, along which there is a large, open strip of ground. N a building containing the large Government grain stores. - The inner fortress - a similar wall, of which the crenellated parapet, archway and parts of the wall, in which the inner gates are built, are of baked bricks. The gates are protected by wall projections, 14 yds from gate to gate. The outer gate is 10, the inner one 18 yds deep. On the ramparts above the gates there are pagodas of wooden lattice-work, in the corner and wall projections small clay buildings with loopholes. A fosse and external protected space only outside the walls facing the plain. The buildings of the outer town come up to the foot of the walls that face E and N. Unlike the very dilapidated wall of the outer town, the inner fortress is comparatively well preserved. The ground is a plain with tilled fields often lying at different levels and intersected by many ariqs, sometimes high-lying, single houses, trees and small clumps of trees, clay walls and burial mounds. In the S and SE the ground is more masked and shaded. The W bank of the river possesses the same character, but commands the E bank slightly. During the summer the ground must be fairly shaded. The river can be waded. 50-60 fathoms wide, firm bottom, swift current, water up to the horse's knees. So much water is said to be drained into the ariqs during the period of high water that the river can be ridden across even them. The ground is intersected by many roads, often sunk deep. - Drawn by the author. |
C. G. MANNERHEIM
TUN-HUANG.
Tun-huang consists of 2 fortresses. The outer one — a wall, 3 1 /2 fathoms high, of unbaked bricks with a crenellated parapet. Outside the wall a protected space, about 3 fathoms wide, with a crenellated parapet, I fathom high, which has fallen to pieces in places. There was a fosse, but it is now missing in some places. The gates in the arches of baked bricks, single, built into ordinary wall projections. In front of them the parapet of the protected space is raised and an outer gate has been built in it. The wall projections are small, do not flank the fosse, the corner projections likewise. On the ramparts in all the wall projections there is 1 and between them I, sometimes 2, small tower-shaped clay buildings rising I fathom above the parapet and provided with loopholes towards the plain and the ramparts. The space inside the wall is densely populated with the exception of the S wall and the southern part of the E and W walls, along which there is a large, open strip of ground. N a building containing the large Government grain stores. — The inner fortress — a similar wall, of which the crenellated parapet, archway and parts of the wall, in which the inner gates are built, are of baked bricks. The gates are protected by wall projections, 14 yds from gate to gate. The outer gate is l0, the inner one 18 yds deep. On the ramparts above the gates there are pagodas of wooden lattice-work, in the corner and wall projections small clay buildings with loopholes. A fosse and external protected space only outside the walls facing the plain. The buildings of the outer town come up to the foot of the walls that face E and N. Unlike the very dilapidated wall of the outer town, the inner fortress is comparatively well preserved.
The ground is a plain with tilled fields often lying at different levels and intersected by many ariqs, sometimes high-lying, single houses, trees and small clumps of trees, clay walls and burial mounds. In the S and SE the ground is more masked and shaded. The W bank of the river possesses the same character, but commands the E bank slightly. During the summer the ground must be fairly shaded. The river can be waded. 50-60 fathoms wide, firm bottom, swift current, water up to the horse's knees. So much water is said to be drained
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