IIIFカラー高解像度
国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
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| IIIFカラー高解像度 |
| Across Asia : vol.1 | |
| アジア横断 : vol.1 |
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| 涼州 涼州は、高さ6-7尋で、焼きレンガで出来ており、銃眼付き胸壁が設けられている壁に囲まれている。壁の外には、幅3尋で荒れ果てた高さ1 1/2-2尋の土壁で守られた区域がある。防御区域を取り囲む堀は、幅が4尋、深さ1 1/2-2尋ある。街の4つの門は、約80 x 100歩の長方形の壁の突出部で守られている。北壁の1つの円形突出部と2つの半円形突出部、そして南壁の1つの半円形突出部を除いて、その他の壁の突出部は巨大な大きさで堀の側にはない。3つの半円形突出部は、門の突出部とだいたい同じ大きさである。円形突出部は、壁から約40ヤード突出した直径約75ヤードの形をしている。き、特にしっかりとした造りではない3つの銃眼の付いた、2階立てで約7尋の大きさの土塔が上に置かれている。壁の北東角は、高台に置かれている。アーチ道は甘州とほぼ同じ大きさで出来ている。門の外側では、別な門がここでは幅3尋ある防御区域のある壁の中に組み込まれている。そのため、門の出入り口の数は3に増えている。東側には、それとは別の手入れされていない高さ約3尋の壁に囲まれた、街の東干地区がある。小さな郊外が、南北の引き戸式門の外側に急に広がっており、西門の外には2つの寺院群がある。壁の内側にはぎっしりと人が居住しているが、比較的まっすぐな通りがかなり規則的に走っている。鎮台と道台の衙門は、街のそれぞれ半分の中央に位置している。北東角の付近にある、入城門の上の塔や、円形壁の上の塔、そして特に2つの円柱形塔と高い仏塔は良い目印となっている。街の中心部は、コンパスの四点に面している4つの古い木製の門で示されている。西・南西・南・南東には、荒れ果てた大きな、がらんとした共同墓地 - 円錐形の埋葬塚がたくさん点在している石の多い平原がある。西では、平原は幅が1 1/2-2マイルで、幅約1尋の深さにある乾いた水路が所々に流れている。南には、樹木に囲まれた家屋が点在している土地が、広くて乾いた砂利の河床に通じているが、その向こうに幅が約2/3マイルの細長い土地がある。その河床は、巨大な半円の形をして、満州人の砦からから隔てるように東から街を取り囲んでいる。北西には、街の機動性のある守備隊のいる営盤がある。北側の土地はぎっしりと人が居住している。小さな水路の流れている、深く峡谷のような盆地は北東角に通じている。それと河との間には、東干の北壁に続いている樹木や庭の帯がある。東と南東には平らな地面がある。満州人街の壁は、高さが5尋、焼きレンガで出来ている。門や角の上には木製の塔がある。中央の突出部の上には小さな土の小塔があり、その他のところでは、小さな泥土の家がある。外側には防御区域はない。堀は深さ3尋で幅が1尋 - 所々失われている。壁の突出部は大きくは無い。外門は、門から門までの間が15ヤード、内門では32ヤードある。壁の外側には、東・北東・北西のほうに平らで、耕作され、さらに人が居住している土地があるが、あまり樹木はない。南東にはさほど人が居住していない。西には、深さ2尋の岩棚のある砂利の河床がある。筆者による作図。LIANCHOW Lianchow is surrounded by a wall, 6-7 fathoms high, of baked bricks, provided with a crenellaed parapet. Outside the wall tehre is a space, 3 fathoms wide, protected by a dilapidated clay wall, 1 1/2-2 fathoms high. The fosse that encloses the protected space is 4 fathoms wide and 1 1/2-2 fathoms deep. The 4 gates of the town are protected by rectangular wall projections of about 80 x 100 paces. Exceptiong a circular and 2 semicircular projections in the N wall and a semicircular one in the S wall, the other wall projections are of no great size and do not flank the fosse. The three semicircular projections are of about the same size as the gate projection. The round one forms a portion projecting about 40 yds from the wall about 75 yds in diameter. It is crowned by a clay tower with 3 gun embrasures of not particularly solid construction, in size about 7 fathoms in two storeys. The NE corner of the wall is situated on a rise in the ground. The archways are of approximately the same size as at Kanchow. Outside the gates another gate is built into the wall of the protected space, which is 3 fathoms high here, so that the number of entrance gates is increased to 3. In the E there is a town quarter »Tung-kuan», surrounded by a separate, neglected wall, about 3 fathoms high. Small suburbs have sprung up outside the N and S sliding gates; outside the W gate there are only a couple of groups of temples. The space inside the wall is densely populatedd, but fairly regularly intersected by comparatively straight streets. The yamens of the Djentai and Taotai are in the centre of either half of the town. The pagpdas over the entrance gates, the tower over the circular wall and especially 2 column-shaped towers with tall temple towers near the NE corner are good landmarks. The centre of the town is indicated by 4 old wooden gates facing the four points of the compass. In the W, NW, S and SE there is a desolate and large, bare cemetery - a stony plain thickly strewn with small conical burial mounds. In the W it is 1 1/2-2 miles wide and is intersected in places by dry waterchannels lying at a depth of about a fathom. In the S it occupies a strip of ground about 2/3 of a mile in width, beyond which a strip of land, strewn with houses surrounded by trees, leads to a broad, dry river bed of gravel, which encloses the town from the E in a large semicircle, separating it from the Manchurian fortress. In the NW an impanj with the mobile garrison of the town. The land in the N is densely populated. A deeplying, ravine-like hollow with a small waterchannel leads to the NE corner. Between it and the river a line of trees and gardens extending to the N wall of Tung-kuan. Flat ground in the E and SE. - The wall of the Manchurian fortress is 5 fathoms high, of baked bricks. Wooden pagodas on gates and corners. On the middle wall projection small clay turrets, on the others small clay houses. No external protected space. Fosse 3 fathoms deep and 1 fathom wide - missing in some places. The wall projections are insignificant. Outer gate 15, inner gate 32 yds and from gate to gate 40 yds. Outside the wall flat ground, tilled, and densely populated in the E, NE and NW, but with few trees. Less populated in the SE. In the W a river bed of gravel with a ledge a couple of fathoms in depth. - Drawn by the author. |
引用情報
C. G. MANNERHEIM
LIANCHOW
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