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0518 Across Asia : vol.1
アジア横断 : vol.1
Across Asia : vol.1 / 518 ページ(カラー画像)

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[Figure] 蘭州 蘭州は、丘や山の間にぴったりと閉じ込められた黄河の渓谷の中にある。北には、山々が蘭州にまで迫っており、街の反対側の河床に深く沈んでいる。約2/3マイルの長さの郊外は、その最も低い斜面に建設されており、家屋は平番から続く道路の両側に二列に立っている。 その東端には、ここではより低くなりほとんど急斜面ではない山々のふもとに、小規模の土壁で囲まれたより小さな郊外がある。しかしながら、西では、郊外は、ほとんど垂直に落ちている山の尾根によって河に直結している。さらに東では、山々は河から距離を置いており、ここには幅1/3から2/3マイルの開けた区域を形作っている平らで砂地の土手がある。狭い裂け目と山の急斜面側は、郊外を2つに分けている。東側には、耕作され、平らな渓谷が1-2マイルの幅で広がっている。その北東の角の近くには、銃眼付きに胸壁に囲まれた営盤の一群がある。通常は数本の木々に囲まれたいくつかの家屋は、遠くに離れて立っている。渓谷の南東部の全体は、長さ数マイルで南側の山々の麓に伸びている、共同墓地に占められている。南側には、街と山々の間の土地には点在する家屋がある。軍事学校の高台からさらに西では、それら家屋が、壁と南西の岩山の斜面の間の狭く細長い土地を完全に満たすまで、互いにより密接に建てられている。レンガで出来た4つの四角い塔が、最も近い丘の上に建てられている。それらの大きさは、幅と長さが約8尋で、高さが10尋あり、そして各面に銃眼付き胸壁と銃眼が設けられている。満州人街の非常に荒廃した土壁は、3 1/2-4尋の高さがあり、レンガで出来た銃眼付き胸壁を備えている。東門は空いており、その他は閉ざされている。2つの深い裂け目が、要塞の北と西壁にまで迫っている。河とルス丘との間の区域はよく耕作されており、人が居住し、果樹に覆われている。新城経由で平番から続く道路はこの河岸まで続いている。  内側の街には人がぎっしりと居住しており、多くの道路や路地が走っている。内街は焼きレンガで出来た巨大な壁に囲まれており、壁は河の流れている側で高さ10尋に達する。その他の場所はわずかに低い。壁と角の突出部は大きくはない。門の突出部は通常の大きさであり、その内壁はわずかに外壁より高い。門の上には通常の大きさの木製の塔があり、河の前にあるものを除いてその他の壁の突出部の上には、小さな土の建造物がある。幅6-7尋の堀は水が流れており、河のある面を除いて、街の外を走っている。門の正面では堀は地下へと導かれ、その他の場所では密接に建てられた家並みにより遮られている。外側の街は踏み固めた土の壁で囲まれており、4 1/2-5尋の高さがあって、レンガで出来た銃眼付き胸壁が備わっている。その北西部分は、外側の街によってすっぽりと包まれた同じの壁によって取り囲まれた別な要塞がある。いくつかの壁の突出部は大きくはない。門には外側の突出部は無い。西と南そして東の両方の門は、レンガの塔がてっぺんを覆っており、4つの階層に銃眼が付いており、そのうち、街に面している側と外側には各階に6つ、その他の2つには2つずつある。図を参照せよ。南と東門に面している二つの門の南側はまた、それぞれの角の突出部の上にある類似の塔が援護しているが、2つの階層に銃眼が付いており、4面の各階に2つずつ銃眼がある。壁の内側の区域にはぎっしりと人が居住しており、交通の便が良い。南西角と西門の外側を除けば、門の外側には小さな郊外があり、街の南西角と西側を完全に囲む、繋がりあった密集地を形成している。壁のすぐ近くには堀があり、広さは約3尋、深さ約2尋あり。しかしながら、独立している街の北東部を囲んではいない。筆者による作図。LANCHOW Lanchow lies in the valley of the Hwang-ho, closely hemmed in between hills and mountains. In the N mountains come up to it, dipping steeply into the bed of the river opposite thee town. A suburb, about 2/3 of a mile long, has been built on their lowest slope, the houses standing in two rows on either side of the road from Ping fan. At its E end, at the foot of the mountains which are lower here and much less steep, there is a smaller suburb surrounded by a clay wall of insignificant dimensions. In the W, however, the suburb is bounded by a spur of the mountains falling almost perpendicularly into the river. A gate as wide as an arbah has been cut in it - the only ingress into Lanchow from the W on this side of the river. Further E the mountains withdraw from the river, the flat, sandy bank of which forms an open space of 1/3 to 2/3 of a mile in width here. A narrow cleft with steep mountain sides divides the suburb in two. In the E a tilled, flat valley extends, 1-2 miles wide. Close to its NE corner there is a group of impanjes, surrounded by crenellated clay walls. A few single houses, usually surrounded by a few trees, stand further off. The whole of the SE part of the valley is occupied by a cemetery, several miles in length and extending to the foot of the mountains in the S. In the S there are scattered houses on the ground between the town and the mountains from the height of the military school and further W they are built closer and closer to each other until they completely fill the narrow strip of land between the wall and the spur of rock in the SW. Four square towers of brick have been built on the nearest hill. Their size is about 8 fathoms in width and length, 10 fathoms in height, and they are provided with a crenellated parapet and a gun embrasure on each side. The very dilapidated clay wall of the Manchurian town is 3 1/2-4 fathoms high and provided with a crenellated parapet of brick. The E gate is open, the others being walled up. 2 deep clefts come up to the N and W walls of the fortress. The space between the river and the löss hills is well tilled, inhabited and covered with fruit-trees. The road from Ping fan via Sin-cheng follows this bank of the river. The inner town is densely populated and intersected by many streets and lanes. It is surrounded by a mighty wall of baked bricks which reaches a height of 10 fathoms on the river side. The other sides are slightly lower. The wall and corner projections are inconsiderable. The gate projections are of the usual size. The E gate is protected by two walls, of which the inner wall slightly dominates the outer one. The usual large wooden pagodas over the gates; small clay buildings on the other wall projections, except towards the river. A fosse, 6-7 fathoms wide, with flowing water, runs outside the town, except on the river side. In front of the gates the fosse has been led underground and in other places it is screened by rows of closely built houses. The outer town is enclosed by a wall of beaten clay, 4 1/2-5 fathoms high and provided with a crenellated parapet of brick. Its NW part forms a separate fortress enclosed by a similar wall enveloped by the outer town. The few wall projections are insignificant. The gates have no outer protection. The W, S and both E gates are crowned by brick towers with gun embrasures in 4 storeys, 6 in each row on the sides facing the town and outward and 2 in the two others. See illustration. The S and the southern of the two gates facing E also support similar towers on their corner projections, but with gun embrasures in two storeys, 2 in a row on each of the 4 sides. The space inside the wall is densely populated and has good communications. There are suburbs of small size outside the gates, except those outside the SW and W gates, which form a connected mass which entirely encloses the SW corner and W side of the town. Quite close to the wall there is a fosse, about 3 fathoms wide and about 2 fathoms deep. It deos not, however, enclose the separate NW part of te towm. - Drawn by the author.

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doi: 10.20676/00000221
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C. G. MANNERHEIM

LANCHOW

Lanchow lies in the valley of the Hwang-ho, closely hemmed in between hills and mountains. In the N mountains come up to it, dipping steeply into the bed of the river opposite the town. A suburb, about 2/3 of a mile long, has been built on their lowest slope, the houses standing in two rows on either side of the road from Ping fan. At its E end, at the foot of the mountains which are lower here and much less steep, there is a smaller suburb surrounded by a clay wall of insignificant dimensions. In the W, however, the suburb is bounded by a spur of the mountains falling almost perpendicularly into the river. A gate as wide as an arbah has been cut in it — the only ingress into Lanchow from the W on this side of the river. Further E the mountains withdraw from the river, the flat, sandy bank of which forms an open space of 1/3 to 2/3 of a mile in width here. A narrow cleft with steep mountain sides divides the suburb in two. In the E a tilled, flat valley extends, t -2 miles wide. Close to its NE corner there is a group of impanjes, surrounded by crenellated clay walls. A few single houses, usually surrounded by a few trees, stand further off. The whole of the SE part of the valley is occupied by a cemetery, several miles in length and extending to the foot of the mountains in the S. In the S there are scattered houses on the ground between the town and the mountains from the height of the military school and further W they are built closer and closer to each other until they completely fill the narrow strip of land between the wall and the spur of rock in the SW. Four square towers of brick have been built on the nearest hill. Their size is about 8 fathoms in width and length, to fathoms in height, and they are provided with a crenellated parapet and a gun embrasure on each

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