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National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
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| Report of a Mission to Yarkund in 1873 : vol.1 |
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Citation Information
( 132 )
Gorkhan marched to Balasaghtin on his invitation, But he took the place for R.S.
himself, and subjugating the offending tribes to his own rule, appointed the Afrasytb Malik or King to rule over the Turkmtn people. Gorkhan next subdued the Kirghiz, and, taking the cities of Beshbaligh and Almtligh (the present Almtti or Alma Ata, as it is written in books), extended his conquests over Kashghar and Khutan, which were then at mutual hostility, and brought the adjoining province of Farghana under his rule.
At this time the Kars Khitty nomads, who wandered over the country to the north V.B.
of Khokand, now occupied by the Kart Kirghiz and Kapchac, appealed to Gorkhan against the heavy taxes exacted by Sultan Sanjar.
According to the Tabcati Ntsiri, the Kart Khitay were a people who, having T.N.
revolted against the King of Tamghtj, came to the cities of Cubaligh and Balasaghtin, and pastured on the Islamite borders, where the Musalmans were ruled by Afrasyab Princes descended from Iylik Mtrzi, under subjection to the Saljnk Kings. They at first paid tribute, but, on getting strong, revolted, and were attacked by Sultan Sanjar, whom they defeated, and whose wife, Turkan Khaton, they captured under their leader Taynko Tarrz, who restored her on peace being made. The Sanjar power declined after this defeat, and the Turkistan Princes, being distracted and weakened by wars amongst themselves, sought the aid of the Kara, Khitay, who came and took the government for themselves, and kept it for eighty and odd years. Their rulers were in succession Ayma, and Sangam, and Arbar, and Tana, and Taynko, and then a queen who was succeeded by Gorkhtn. His army invaded the country repeatedly, and conquered all up to the Jyhon, including Talictn, Balkh, Amûy, and Tarmiz, and made Khwahrizm tributary, and Khurâsân too, excepting only the Sultans of Ghor and Bamyan. (-1 orkhan was deposed by the Shtinor Tartar, Koshluk, and with him ended the rule of the Kart Khitay. Before him Taynko Taraz was defeated and captured by Sultan Muhammad Khwthrizm Shah, at whose hands he accepted Islam. He had won forty-five battles before, and had never been defeated, till on this occasion Sultan Muhammad assailed his banga=" fortified camp" three several times, and finally captured him and his whole army.
When, as abovementioned, the Kart Khitay nomads on the Khokand frontier V.B.
complained to their King of the exactions of the Sanjar Governors, he took up their grievances and demanded redress, but failed in obtaining satisfaction. Consequently Gorkhan, in 536 H.=1141 A.D., assembled his forces, and, being joined by the Chiefs of the country, invaded Mawaranahar, whence he drove out Sultan Sanjar across the Oxus to Andkhûy, where he died a lunatic not many years later. He N.
destroyed the fugitive King's army, and appointed Aymantakin as his Governor of Bukhara, from which he then pushed on to Khwahrizm, where he made its King, Atsiz, tributary in 30,000 diram yearly. The diram may be reckoned as equal to about six pence.
A couple of years later, Hashim Araba attacked Bukhara, drove out Caracha Beg, the Governor of Gorkhan, and killing his Wazir, one Shahab, plundered the city and destroyed its fortifications. They were restored in 560 H.=1164 A.D. by the Kara Khitay Governor of Gorkhan, who was in turn ousted by Muhammad bin Sultantakin Khwthrizm Shah in 564H.=1168 A.D., who re-built and improved the fortifications. Finally they were destroyed in 616H.=1219 A.D., when Changiz took the place.
On the death of Sultan Sanjar, his nephew, Mahmtid, succeeded, and reigned V.B.
for six years, when he was blinded by Bughra Khan of Kashghar, or one of the family of that name, to whom he was related on the mother's side. And thus the Saljtik empire fell to pieces ; the Khwthrizm King dividing Khurasan with him of Ghor, whilst Mawaranahar and Farghana fell to the hands of Gorkhan. With this division of the eastern portion of the Saljûk empire ended the first Turk dynasty in Mawartnahar, where the Persian literature and culture still flourished, the Turk element forming only the military class.
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