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the Burge tribes, and after the campaigns of Ghor and Ghurjistan returned to his own R.S. seat at Karakoram, where he died. He left six sons, viz., Gin= Sun, Ay= Moon, Yuldiz = Star, Kik = Sky, T agh = Mountain, and Dangiz= Sea. From these in twenty-four divisions, from sons and grandsons, are descended all the Turkman tribes.

Turkman is a recent 'name for those Turk tribes who settled in Mawaranahar, and, though not intermarrying with foreigners, became altered in appearance by the effects of change of climate, and mode of life, and were called by their neighbours Turkma.nind or Turkman=" Turklike." Aghor Khan, in his western conquests, took Khurasan and both Irac, and extended his power over the countries of Misr=Egypt, Sham= Syria, Min =Turkey or the Roman Empire, and Afrasig=Africa? On his return

to Artak Kartak he held a grand national assembly, and celebrated his conquests by magnificent festivities. Nine hundred mares and nine thousand ewes, according to the rule of ten sheep to one horse for feasts, were slaughtered, and wine and delicacies of every sort and country were lavishly expended on the feast, whilst rich robes and

presents were distributed to the nobles.

On this occasion Aghor Khan divided his empire amongst his six sons. The right wing amongst the three eldest, and the left wing amongst the three youngest, and be gave them his bow and three arrows between them. The three eldest broke the bow and shared its pieces, and are in consequence collectively known by the term Buzic =" Destroyer." The three youngest shared the arrows between them, and are collectively styled Uchic=" Three arrows."

Shortly after this assembly Aghor Khan died, and his son, Gûn, succeeded to the throne, with his father's Minister, Arcil, as councillor. He represented that each of the six brothers had now four sons, making in all twenty-four royal princes, and proposed that they should be all provided for so as to prevent discord. Accordingly each was allotted his own province, and city, and rank, and standard, and privileges. The six brothers shared the government for seventy years, and then the son of Dangiz, named Manglay, became ruler of Mogholistan, and reigned one hundred and ten years.

Manglay was succeeded by his son El Khan. At this time Turkistan and Mawaranahar belonged to Ur bin Faridtin. He allied with Sonj Khan, the Tatar Chief, and they warred with El Khan, whose camp they surprised, and captured to a man, excepting only his son, Cryan, and his maternal uncle's son, Tukoz, who, each with his wife, effected their escape.

These four fugitives escaped to a mountain fastness, inaccessible on all sides but by a single track, called Arkana Cûl (in the Cobdo District), and these in course of time multiplied to many families. Those of Cayan were called Cayat, and those of Tukoz, Daralkin. After this, by melting and digging a way across an iron mountain barrier, they issued from their retreat, and recovered their ancestral seats from the Tartar possessors, and were joined by the other Moghol tribes.

The Moghol country extends from that of the Uighur on the west to the frontiers of Khita on the east, and from Silingay (in Cobdo) and Carcar on the north to Tibet on the south. The food of the people is the flesh of their flocks and the chase, and their clothing furs.

Yuldûz, the son of Manglay Khwa ja, the son of Tymûr Tash=" Ironstone," a descendant of Cayan, when he ruled the Moghol, raised their name to the highest fame, and annually celebrated the mode of escape from the iron mountains of Arkana Cû1 by the erection of furnaces, and melting and hammering of iron, and singing and feasting all night.

Such, in brief summary, is the history of the origin of the Turk people, whose P. career in this region through the Uighur period has been sketched in the preceding pages, as given by Mir Khawind Shah. His account of the Moghol people may be briefly summed up as follows :-

Alan Coa., the granddaughter of Yuldilz Khan, Cayat, was the wife of her R.S. father's brother's son, and she bore him two sons, named Yalkadi and Yakjadi ; and after his death she ruled the tribe, and educated her sons. At length, like the