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0261 Report of a Mission to Yarkund in 1873 : vol.1
Report of a Mission to Yarkund in 1873 : vol.1 / Page 261 (Color Image)

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doi: 10.20676/00000196
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( 179 )

   M.V. •   In 1720 A.D. Zaban Raptan (Àrabdâ.n Khan of the Zûngharf ?) restored Danyal

to the government of Alty Shahr=six cities, but appointed his own Governors in each of them, and fixed the revenue at a hundred thousand tanga=twenty thousand rupees, that of Afak being a thousand tanga = two hundred rupees per centum of his subjects. He at the same time kept Chagan, the eldest son of Danyal, as a hostage at Ila, whither Danyal repaired periodically to render account of his government.

   W.W.   Arabdan Khan of the Zûngharf died in 1720 A.D., and, his sons disputing the
throne, the rule was seized by the rival Chiefs, Amursana and Tawats, or Davatsi. The usurpers quarrelled as to the division of authority, and Amursana going to Pekin for aid returned with a Chinese army and expelled Tawats. He then rebelled against the Chinese Emperor, and defeated two armies sent against him by Kienlung. But he succumbed to the third, and fled to Tobolsk, where he died in 1757 A.D.

His territory then fell to Kienlung, who nearly exterminated the Zûngharf and Olot, and then invited the Tûrgût or Tourgouth emigrants from their settlements on the Volga, and they returned to their ancient patrimony in 1772 A.D. Meanwhile Chinese troops and colonists, with exiles and nomads soon re-peopled the country depopulated by the massacre of half a million people during the Chinese conquest. And the Manchû authority was established by a system of conciliation and coercion judiciously combined ; whilst the development of the agricultural and mineral resources of the country, and the protection afforded to commerce, soon restored prosperity.

   M.V.   Ghaldan Chiring on succeeding to the throne confirmed Dânyal in his appoint-
ment; but after his death, to weaken the power of the Karataghltic faction, he divided the government of the country amongst his several sons. Thus to the eldest, Khoja Chagan, he gave Yarkand, to Yûsuf he gave Kashghar, and similarly Aksû to Äydb, and Khutan to Âbdulla; with a Kalmak agent conjointly at each place.

The mother of Yûsuf was the daughter of a Kalmak Noyân="Noble," and he spent his youth in Zûnghar by the order of the Khan Tawats. Now seeing the dissension reigning there he got leave to go and defend Kashghar from a pretended attack by the Kirghiz. But on arrival there in 1754 A.D. he set to work toraise an army to free his country, at the very time that Amursana was seeking the aid of the Boghdo Khan for the rule of the Zûngharf against his rival Davatsi.

The conduct of Yûsuf excited suspicion, and the Kalmak Governor of the city plotted to assassinate him whilst at prayers in the mosque. The plot, however, was disclosed to him, and Yûsuf seizing the chief actor, Khudâyar, the Iekikagha or CC Mayor," executed him. But his accomplices, a son of Khudayar and Abdussattar (a Beg of Artosh), escaped to Ila with the intelligence of the revolt at Kashghar. Meanwhile at Yârkand, the Governor, Ghazi Beg, seized Chagan, and Yûsuf at once went to his aid with the cry of Islam. He at the same time sent a force of a thousand men to Barchak to intercept the road and prevent the Kalmak carrying off Chagan to Ila. Presently Sadie, the son of Chagân, appeared with aid from the opposite direction. He hurried up from Khutan with seven thousand men and some Kirghiz levies, and managed to get possession of the family of Ghazi Beg, whom he threatened with their torture and death unless he released his father. The Governor fearing for them, and dreading the vengeance of Yûsuf, set free his captive, and sought forgiveness with the Kuran on his head. And he was pardoned at the intercession of Chagan himself.

In the meantime Yûsuf had sent envoys to Khokand and Bukhara reporting the overthrow of the Zûngharf rule, and seeking the aid of the faithful in support of Islam. The independence of these cities, however, of Kashghar, Yarkand, and Khutan, was not of long duration.

In 1757 A.D., after Amursana had returned to Zûnghar with a Chinese army, his rival,, Davatsi, fled with three hundred men by the Mûzart Pass to lash Turfan. He was here seized by Khojam Beg, the Governor, and delivered to the Chinese who, settling Amursana at Ila with a Chinese garrison in support, thus possessed themselves of the rule in Zûnghar.

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