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0610 Report of a Mission to Yarkund in 1873 : vol.1
Report of a Mission to Yarkund in 1873 : vol.1 / Page 610 (Color Image)

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doi: 10.20676/00000196
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( 476 )

The working of the mines is thus conducted :—The miners, men and women, are of the poor of the country, who sell the gold to licensed purchasers under the supervision of Government officials.

From the original yield a fifth part is at once appropriated by the Amir, who further reserves the right of purchasing the remainder from the regular dealers at the rate of 120 Tungas per sér, the value in the market reaching 138 Tungas—(1 sér-32 tolahs).

No guard is kept at the mines, but small detachments of soldiers watch the proceedings, and there are regular searching houses, no gold being supposed to reach the market but through the authorized channel. At these searching houses the men are stripped, and women are made to jump over a broad ditch in order that any gold they may have concealed in their clothes may fall out.

The punishment for secreting gold is very light, and the whole of the officials employed are said to take bribes to allow of its being taken direct to the market, where it is in great demand by foreign traders.

If a merchant is discovered to have purchased gold irregularly, no more than a fifth part is confiscated, and the remainder is purchased at the fixed Government rate.

The gold mines in the Khoten province produce some 7,000 sérs, of which 5,000 sers are said to reach the Amir's treasury, the remainder passing direct into the bazaar ; this represents an income of 1,68,000 rupees.

Gold is readily bought up by merchants from Hindustan and Andijan.

The transport of the best gold of Khoten to India yields a profit of from 23 to 24 per cent.

Gold of an inferior quality is obtained by washing from the Yarkand river ; this is allowed free entry to the market ; its transport to India secures a profit of 112 per cent.

Sericulture in Khoten dates from the earliest times. M. Remusat's account of the introduction of the silk-worm into this place is as follows, pp. 55, 65 :-

Au sud est de la ville royale, à cinq ou six li, on voit le monastèyre de Lou-che, fondé par une ancienne reine du pays. Autrefois les habitants du royaume ne connaissaient ni les muriers ni les vers à soie. On entendit parler de ceux qu'il-y-avait dans les royaumes orientaux, et l'on envoya un ambassadeur pour en demander. Le roi d'orient se refusa a cette demande, et fit une défense très sévère aux gardiens des frontierès et aux donaniers de laisser sortir ni mûriers ni semence de vers. Alors le roi de Kia-sa-tan-na fit demander une princesse en mariage. Quand le roi d'orient, plein de tendresse pour les contreés lointaines, la lui eut accordeé, le roi, chargea l'officier qui devait aller la prendre, de lui dire que dans son royaume, il n'-y-avait point d'habits de soie, parce qu'on n'-y-avait pas de muriers ni de cocons, et qu'il fallait en apporter, afin d'avoir de quoi se faire des habits. La princesse, ainsi avertie, se procura secrètement de la semence des uns et des autres, et la cacha dans l'étoffe de son bonnet. Quand le cortége fut arrivé à la frontierè, celui qui y-commandait chercha partout; il n-y-eut que le bonnet de la princesse auquel il n'osa toucher. Arrivée dans le pays de Kia-satan-na, elle s'arrêta dans le lieu où a été depuis le monastère de Lou-che ; et pendant que les cérémonies de sa réception se preparaient, elle déposa en ce lieu la semence de mûrier et des vers. Au printemps on planta les arbres, et la princesse alla assister elle-même aux opérations de la récolte des feuilles. On fut obliger dans le commencement de nourrir les vers à soie avec les feuilles de quelques autres arbres ; mais enfin les mûriers poussérent, et la reine fit graver sur la pierre une défense de faire perir les papillons jusqu'a ce qu'on put se procurer une quantité

N.B.—The export of gold and silver, excepting in the form of the established coinage, has lately been prohibited by the Amir.

Specimens of Galena containing a large admixture of silver are in the Mission Museum. These were obtained from Shakchu in a ravine to the S.-W. of Yarkand, known as Koohrab, about 80 miles in a direct line from Yarkand.

During the occupation of the Chinese, the silver mine from which this ore was taken, was worked for seven years; its working has been long discontinued, but the Dadkhwah of Yarkand contemplates obtaining silver once more from Shakchu.