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0220 Explorations in Turkestan 1903 : vol.1
Explorations in Turkestan 1903 : vol.1 / Page 220 (Color Image)

Captions

[Figure] 134 Cross-sections of the Khoja Ishken Valley, to show the shape and relative size of the three gorges. Drawn from the observation, without measurement . The circles indicate moraines. The lightly shaded portions indicate the amount of erosion since the respective parts of the valley were filled with ice.
[Figure] 135 Cross-sections of the three gorges of the Khoja Ishken Valley, to show the amount of widening and erosion of the valley in each case relative to the power of the stream and of erosion without reference to the actual size.

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doi: 10.20676/00000177
Citation Format: Chicago | APA | Harvard | IEEE

OCR Text

 

Igo   EXPLORATIONS IN TURKESTAN.

the valley floor is choked with waste from the moraine and the underlying rock. The difference in age between this gorge and that associated with the fourth

moraine appears greater than be

tween the gorges of the fourth and fifth moraines. This means that between the formation of successive moraines there must have been considerable intervals of erosion. Where the glacier stood

4 r_   during these intervals is not clear.

=

It may have retreated above the

position of the next moraine and again advanced; or it may merely have retreated to that position and there remained stationary.

(3) Moraines of the Mudirum Basin.A third valley, of broadly open basin form, drained by the Mudirum Su* on the south side

Fig. I34.--Cross-sections of the Khoja Ishken Valley, to show the shape of the Tian Shan plateau, shows

and relative size of the three gorges. Drawn from observation, old moraines of four and probably without measurement. The circles indicate moraines. The lightly

shaded portions indicate the amount of erosion since the respective of five ages lying in regular se-

parts of the valley were filled with ice.

quence, without any indication as

to what happened during the intervals between    

their deposition or as to whether there were any z

intervals when glacial deposition ceased. The   _:

glacier of this valley is the largest of all those of r~r=r   _ _   ? = r

which the moraines were studied ; it reaches a ------_--   –?–'

maximum length of nearly 5o miles. The thick- Fig. 135.—Cross-sections of the three gorges

ness of the ice was so great that at Jubergenti pass   of the Khoja Ishken Valley, to show the

it overflowed toward the north into the valley of   amount of widening and erosion of thevalley in each case relative to the power

the Kara Kul River. It was not possible to fol-   of the stream and of erosion without refer-

low the MudirumRiver to its head, but a side   ence to the actual size.

valley was examined as far up as a modern moraine. The relations of the moraines are illustrated in the accompanying sketch map (fig. 136). At the head of the valley are two tiny glaciers, A and B, with little moraines, marked VI. Below these is another moraine, V, which seems to be a little older, but may be merely a stage of VI. In the next valley to the west is a cirque with a very young moraine, V', but no glacier. There is much snow near by, and these little moraines were not well seen. The next moraine, IV, is 500 or 600 feet lower, and is a large semicircular mass of clearly glacial origin. It is composed of limestone

*The Kirghiz call most of this stream the Ak Sai or White River, and apply the name Mudirum to the lower part only, but•the name Ak Sai is almost as common as Kuzzil Su, and as this Ak Sai empties into another Ak Sai, it seems better to use the less common name.

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