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| Explorations in Turkestan : Expedition of 1904 : vol.2 |
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Citation Information
348
ANIMAI, REMAINS FROM THE EXCAVATIONS AT ANAU.
Canis familiaris matris optima Jeitteles. (See plate 72, figs. 1 and 2.)
I have with great care put together the remains of the skull found at +28 feet and thus reconstructed the whole skull as shown in plate 72, fig. I. The length of the skull is 164 mm. Therefore, this dog belongs to the dogs of medium size. The skull is relatively low and approaches in this respect Canis poutiatini Studer, and the dingo. It is but little developed in width and is arched. Also, in the temporal region it is but slightly concave. The sagittal-muscle ridge is strongly developed. The tympanic cavities are relatively small, blistery, and without the usual keel-shaped ridge. The face shows a slight zygoinatic arch and relatively broad, short palate. The relation of the dental arch of the upper jaw is as follows: The length of the carnassial tooth is 25 per cent of the whole row of back teeth, that of the three premolars is 42.5 per cent. We have, therefore, to do with the genuine dog. The carnassial tooth, however, has only an absolute length of 17 mm. and a width of 8 mm., which indicates a house-dog. The other cranial measurements are easily seen in the following table, in which the skull is compared with various others of similar size, of wild and domestic Canidæ.
Table of dimensions (in millimeters).
After long and careful consideration I give below certain conclusions which are based on these comparative measurements and on the direct comparison of the Anau skull with the collection of dog skulls in the museum at Bern, and also especially with the rich collection of subfossil Bohemian dog skulls, containing abulidant material from 5o different Bohemian localities, which the Museum Society in Teplitz had the kindness to intrust to me for determination and publication.
167 94 5o 58
161
90
47
57
164
91
50
58
6o 52 59
I04 I04
Basilar length
Length of palate
Width of palate
Greatest width of skull
Width of meatus auditorius
externus
Width on arcus zygomaticus Least dimensions between
inferior borders of orbits
Height of skull
Length of teeth
Length of carnassial tooth
Length of molars
Width of carnassial tooth
Basicranial axis
Basifacial axis
39 32 35 34
53 56 58 55
63 66 66 68
18 18 18 18
19 20 20 17
IO II IO 8
44 45 45 48
I23 I20 I19 I20
Bohemia, Canis
matris optima,
Mus. Teplitz.
Tschon t- schitz pile- dwell- ings.
Skull.
No. 4.
Australian
Dingo,
after
Studer
(op. cit.)
No. 3.
India
Male.
Pariah dogs, after Studer.
Egypt
Female.
Egypt.
Briesen La Tène.
51
43
I18
165
91
46
62
168
94
49
56
164
90
50
56 6o
58
61
18
18
50
I 14
165
92
52
57
57
II2
35
51
62
17
17
48
I17
164
91
49
56
6o
36
57
61
15
15
166 91 49 57
56
I05
34
52
64
18
18
49
I17
164
88
5o
57
57.5
IO2
37
5 54 69 17
18
9
46
II2
157
84
47
56
50
98
169 208
I15
53
57 57.5
38 ....
5o 59
65 ....
18 2I
.. 20
IO
6o
152
52.5 55
II2
42
65
5
17
18
9
47
I20
58
75
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