National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books

of the enamel of the Anau horse stands midway between the Siberian horse of Tscherski and the diluvial horses of Rutimeyer, on the one hand, and on the other hand, the subfossil horses now before me from Hostomitz, Auvernier, Schuettarschen, and Königsfelden, which have a much simpler enamel plication than animals of the modern heavy Occidental races of exactly equal age.

THE SKULL AND ITS PROPORTIONS.

In beginning the study of a horse's skull one asks instinctively : was the skull large or small ? Indeed the length of the skull gives a very good rule for determining the withers-height, and thereby also a provisional classification of the horse. It is accepted that heavy horses have the largest heads, and that light Oriental horses and ponies have the smallest skulls. I shall not speak here of the methods of taking the measurements, and will only refer for these to the rule drawn up by me in association with Professor Kraemer at the request of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zuechtungskunde, which will soon appear.

Since it is possible to calculate with approximate accuracy the length of the skull from any of its measures of length (the longest measure possible being preferable), I have calculated this for all the incomplete subfossil skulls before me, from the proportions obtained from 5o skulls that the molar row stands to the basilar length as Io : 28, and to the anterior length as Io : 31.

Length of skulls (in millimeters).

It follows from this comparison that the Anau horse had a skull of about the same size as Equus przewalskii and that the other Bohemian subfossil horses, like the Alemannic horse of Königsfelden, stand very near the Anau horse and Przewalski horse in size of skull. In contrast, it appears that the horse of the bronze age from Auvernier has a very notably smaller skull, but still smaller is that of the subfossil horse of Gera and Spandau mentioned by Nehring. And smallest of all is the skull of the neolithic horse from a turbary of the Somme in France, being smaller than that of the smallest Exmoor pony in the Berlin collection ;

THE HORSE OF ANAU IN ITS VARIOUS RELATIONS.

Length on base.

481   543

472   528

487   543

49'0   536

476   527

476   520

438   492

436   485

416

390   4224

396   427

389   449

376   431

Clydesdale horse, after Nehring.   574

Horse from Boulogne, coll.

Duerst    543
Diluvial horse from Nussdorf,

after Woldrich    555
Diluvial horse from Remagen,

after Nehring.    528
Schuettarschen, horse of the

iron time (Hallstatt)    5o6

Arabian horse, after Nehring    500

Thoroughbred British race

horse, coll. Duerst   ...   496
Anau horse, calculated, 5 years

old    492
Equtcs przewalskii, after Salenski:

No. 5213    485

No. 5216    495

No. 5214    484

623   Equus przewalskii, after Salenski:

No. 5218   

618   No. 5212    

Neolithic horse, Kutterschitz     .
Alemannic horse, Königsfelden..

La Tène horse, Hostomitz   

562   Arabian horse, from Abassii,

after Nehring   

56o   Indian horse, after Nehring   

540   Auvernier, bronze time horse .
Subfossil horse from Gera, after

J38   Nehring   
Exmoor pony, 15 years, after

545   Nehring   
Neolithic horse, turbary, Somme

542   (France)

547   Ass from Abadieh   

538   Ass from Aden, British Museum

Length

Length   of
on base. anterior

face.

Length
of
anterior
face.