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HUMAN REMAINS FROM THE NORTH KURGAN.

461

Weddas, males   44.9

Fuegians, males   45

Negroes, males   45.8

Polynesians, males   48.5

Melanesians, males   52.5

Peruvians, males    52.8

Japanese, males   53.2

Negritos, males   54.5

Australians, males   54.8

Europeans, males   56.4

Patagonians, males   6o.9

Eskimos, males   63.8

The index calculated by us belongs therefore with the lowest; the naviculare has a form which seems to belong more often in general to the primitive races.

The shape of the joint-surface which articulates with the talus is also worthy of remark. It shows that more ovally rounded form that Volkov ascribes especially to primitive races. The relation of the height to the width is 74.2. Volkov (1904, p. 46) found for:

New-born Europeans   67   Negroes, males    82.2

Peruvians, males   72.2 Melanesians, males   83.5

Negritos, males   73. I Europeans, males   84.2

Japanese, males   75.8 Polynesians, males   86.9

Eskimos, males   80.0

This index also approaches the primitive forms.

In cuneiforme I we are especially interested in the difference in its height at its proximal and distal ends. The last measures according to Volkov (1904, p. 204) in percentage of the proximal among:

Europeans, males   I2I.2

Negroes, males    126.0

Melanesians, males   127.7

Negritos, males    139.5

Australians, males    140.9

We find for this index a value of 16o. o, which, if inserted in this table, would range beyond the most primitive forms. It would perhaps be more appropriate to bring the two joint-surfaces into relation with each other; the proximal would then measure 56.7 per cent of the distal.

The slender form of the metatarsus (plate 96, fig. 4) shows itself most clearly in the relation of the epiphysis width to the length. Since for comparison we have to use the investigations of Volkov, we must, in calculating the indices, choose the length taken by him, which reaches from the middle of the upper edge of the proximal joint-surface to the posterior edge of the first phalanx. Though we do not have this, it is not difficult to say how far it may have extended, and we shall not be far out of the way in assuming a measurement of 61 mm. for the right and 6o mm. for the left. The index for the basal width would then be for the right 31. I. Volkov (1904, p. 238) finds for:

Melanesians, males   3o. 5 Japanese, males   32.9

Australians, males   31.1 Negroes, males   33.7

Fuegians, males    32.3 Patagonians, males   35.6

Polynesians, males   32.7 Europeans, males   36.0

New-born Europeans    32.8 Peruvians, males   40.6

Our metatarsus as regards its basis belongs to the most slender forms, as we find them especially among primitive races. On the other hand the capitulum, with an index of width 40.0 right, 39.3 left, is not more narrow, but rather somewhat broader than is usual among Europeans; Volkov found for this, mean values from 33.6 among the Weddas to 45.5 among Eskimos; the mean value for Europeans is given by him as 38.6.