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0043 Memoir on Maps of Chinese Turkistan and Kansu : vol.1
中国領トルキスタンおよび甘粛の地図に関する覚書 : vol.1
Memoir on Maps of Chinese Turkistan and Kansu : vol.1 / 43 ページ(カラー画像)

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doi: 10.20676/00000215
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Sec. Hi.]   SECOND EXPEDITION, 1906-08   21

After the surveyor had rejoined me towards the end of July, I dispatched my heavy convoy of antiques to the foot of the Kara-koram passes and started

Start for

sources. g.kiish myself with Lal Singh on my long-planned expedition to the sources

of the Yurung-kâsh river. My previous explorations in the Karanghutâgh region had shown that the furthest headwaters of the river were quite inaccessible through the narrow and deep gorges in which it has cut its way westwards past the massif of ' Muz-tâgh' (Pk. 1/61 A, 23,890 ft.). My fresh effort was therefore to be made from the east where that unexplored mountain region adjoins the extreme north-west of the high Tibetan plateaus.

We reached the latter by ascending the very confined gorges above Pölur and by

crossing the northern main range of the K`un-lun to the Seghiz-köl Ascent above Polur. lake. 8s A two days' halt here enabled Lill Singh to effect some

supplementary triangulation based on peaks first fixed by Captain Deasy. Fortune secured the guidance of a hunter of wild yaks, and this enabled .us by proceeding thence westwards to discover the deep-cut valley of Zailik, draining into the Yurung-kàsh. It had remained unknown to previous explorers, though its extensive old gold-pits, now almost deserted, must bave been worked for many years. 89

The Zailik valley proved of great value for our survey work. In spite of its extremely confined nature it became possible to ascend from it several spurs falling

Discovery of Zailik   steeply from the main range on the north and thus to map a considerable

valley.   P Y   range   P

portion of the grand and wild mountain system containing the unexplored headwaters of the Yurung-kâsh. On the magnificent snowy range which flanks them on the south, visible from these hill stations for a distance of over 60 miles, a number of glacier-clad peaks rising to more than 21,000 feet could be sighted. ?0

By collecting from among the little groups of miners still toiling in this gloomy gorge of Zailik a small number of carriers for the transport of instrùE ôlo tion of uas upper- ments and a minimum of baggage we managed to push our way into the main valley of the Yurung-kâsh and to follow it upwards over a succession of high side spurs. Above one of the passes crossed, the Mandir-köl-dawân, an excellent hill-station was climbed at an elevation of 18,612 feet and fixed by triangulation. Finally after seven trying marches from Zailik we penetrated through the extremely confined gorge of the main river to the great glacier-bound basin, about 16,000 feet high at its bottom, where its easternmost and largest branch takes its rise. 71

After thus tracing the river to its ice-bound head, we turned eastwards and having

by September 3rd picked up near the Clizgh-köl our depot of spare transport and supplies, crossed the southern main range of the K'un-lun by the Baba-Hâtim pass (17,584 feet). Thence for three marches we

followed the Palur—Lanak-lâ route to the south-west. 72 It led us to the bleak plateau, over 17,000 feet in height, where the Keriya river gathers its sources at the foot of a line of glaciers. Our survey proved these to descend from the same ice-clad .range which encloses the head basin of the Yurung-kâsh sources from the east." From the watershed at the head of the Keriya river sources we moved westwards to survey the ground which in our atlases has generally figured as a high plain with the name of Ak-sai-chin,but which the provisional issue of the Survey of India's 1:1,000,000 map for this area rightly showed as a blank.

Instead of a plain we found there high snowy spurs separated by broad valleys, and

Passage to Keriya
R. sources.

68 For the route to Pölur village, see Sheet No. 14. A. 2.3, B. 3, 4, C. 4; for that across the range Nos. 14. C, D. 4; 15. C, D. 1. Cf. Desert Cathay, ii. pp. 440 sqq.

69 See Sheet No. 15. C. 1; Desert Cathay, ii. pp. 444 sqq.

7e See Sheet No. 15. A, B. 1, 2; Desert Cathay, ii. pp. 446 sqq.

71 See Sheet No. 15. C. 1; Desert Cathay, ii. pp. 449 sqq.; Panorama XII; Fig. 324, 327-330.

72 See Sheet No. 15. D. 1, 2; Desert Cathay, ii. pp. 456 sqq. The triangulated stations and points shown by Sheet No. 15 along the portion of the P6lur.Lanak-lii route here followed, with the exception of those on and beyond the snowy range enclosing the Yurnng.kish sources from the south, are taken from Captain Deasy's work.

%' See Sheet No. 15. D. 2; Desert Cathay, ii. pp. 457 sq.