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0092 Memoir on Maps of Chinese Turkistan and Kansu : vol.1
中国領トルキスタンおよび甘粛の地図に関する覚書 : vol.1
Memoir on Maps of Chinese Turkistan and Kansu : vol.1 / 92 ページ(カラー画像)

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doi: 10.20676/00000215
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70   NOTES ON IN DIVIDUAL MAP SHEETS   [Chap. IV

Cl'ementi's latitude of 39° 46' 42" for Maralbashi town and several latitudes observed by Dr. Hedin on the Yarkand river were used. The longitude adopted for Marâl-bàshi (78° 15' 15") was obtained by fitting the several traverses passing through it to the accepted positions of Kashgar and Ak-su and proportionately dividing the error in distances. 6 Similarly the position of Tumshuk was adapted to that shown by Sheet No. 7 for Kelpin and Yaka-kuduk. It may be noted that the several isolated rocky heights of the Mazar-tagh and other hills rising above the alluvial plains are of great help to the surveyor for the correct location of details-in the vicinity of Maral-bashi.

For brief descriptive accounts of the routes followed in this area, see Desert Cathay, ii. p. 428 ; Geogr. Journal, xlviii. pp. 112 sq.; Serindia, iii. pp. 1309 sqq.

The oasis of Maral-bashi is of interest on account of its irrigation system in which the inadequate water-supply received from the terminal Kashgar river is supplemented by big reservoirs (A. 1) fed from the Yarkand river. The dykes on the latter (Sheet No. 5. D. 2) securing water for the Zai canal and those around the reservoirs of Kölde and Anar-köl represent the largest irrigation work in the Tarim basin. The geological interest presented by the Mazar-tagh and the other isolated hills, as the remnants of an ancient range distinct from the Tien-shan, has been touched upon above, p. 26, as well as the formidable character of the drift-sand desert which extends south of the Yarkand river.

Correction 8. C. 1. Cultivation patches ought to have been shown around the habitation symbols of Kizil-ziarat-terelgha.

NOTES ON SHEET No. 9 (KHOTAN, SANJU)

This sheet shows almost the whole of the mountainous area which extends from the edge of the Tâklamakan between Gama and Khotan and southwards to the main K`un-lun range and the upper Kara-kash valley. The routes from which it was surveyed all belong, with a slight exception in the extreme north-east, to the first and second expeditions. For the southern portion of the sheet, the triangulation of 1900 supplied a considerable number of fixed points ;7 in addition astronomically observed latitudes were available for numerous camps. For Khotan town a longitude of 79° 55' 51" was adopted, this being the mean of the astronomical values obtained by several observers (Dutreuil de Rhins, Piewzoff, Deasy) and in close agreement also with the position Which our triangulation of the hills due south of the oasis indicates for the town. 8 The positions adopted for Khotan and Karghalik (see above under Sheet No. 6) were used in fitting the traverses between the two oases, both by

the main road' and along the outer hill; on the former route available latitude observations were also utilized.

The approximate levels indicated for the snow-line in different portions of the main range are uncertain, most of the work having been done in the early summers of 1906 and 1908 and by different surveyors. In the mountains due south of Khotan my own observations of the autumn of 1900 and late summer of 1906 have led me tentatively to assume an average snow-line at 17,000 feet.

The routes followed by myself in the plains and mountains and the observations attending my repeated sojourns in the important Khotan oasis have been described in Rnins of Khotan, pp. 169 sqq, 462 sqq.; Desert Cathay, i. 155 sqq., ii. 416 sqq. The geography of the Khotan region, in its physical, economic and historical aspects, together with the route from Karghalik and the topographia sacra of the Khotan district, is fully discussed in Chapters v-viii of my Ancient

6 It deserves to be noted that Mr. Clementi's longitude for Mariil-bishi is 78* 6' 20", while that re• corded as approximate in the Yarkand Mission Report is 78° 1l' 20". Dr. llassenstein's map shows for 111ariil-hiishi 78° 35' 12".

7 See Appendix 4, stations and points in 51L, 51x.

s Owing to adverse atmospheric conditions no occasion offered for direct observation of any of the

triangulated peaks from Khotan town or its immediate vicinity, though the distance to the nearest two of them (D. 3) is less than 20 miles.

Onr latitude value, 37° 6' .15", relates to Albin Big's garden. in Tüwen-Gujan, about a mile southeast of the centre of Khotan town, and about a quarter of a mile south of the position where Dntrenil de Shins observed his latitude of 87° 7'.