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0118 Memoir on Maps of Chinese Turkistan and Kansu : vol.1
中国領トルキスタンおよび甘粛の地図に関する覚書 : vol.1
Memoir on Maps of Chinese Turkistan and Kansu : vol.1 / 118 ページ(カラー画像)

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doi: 10.20676/00000215
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96   NOTES ON INDIVIDUAL MAP SHEETS   Chap. IV]

by the Tâng-ho for irrigation on its alluvial fan accounts for the fertile oasis of Tunhuang. The local resources of this westernmost outpost of China proper were of special importance during the early period when the Lop desert route, protected in part by the Tun-huang Limes, served as the chief line of traffic into Central Asia. East of Tun-huang the flat bottom of the Su-lo-ho valley 'narrows, and at the starting point of the Mimi road it i occupied for the most part by the cultivation of An-hsi, the ancient Kna-tison. The facilities here for irrigation by the Su-lo-ho are limited, and thus are also the extent and economic importance of the oasis.

Finally in the south extend the utterly

outermost chain, immediately south of Tun-huang, is completely overlain by high ridges of drift-sand which have given the town its later name of Sha-chou, `the City of Sands'. Behind this outer hill-chain a wide plateau, mostly bare gravel waste, slopes up towards the well-defined second low range (D. 4) within which lies the small oasis of Tung-pa-t`u. The ' T'a-shih river coming from the snowy range further south has cut its way through both outer chains in deep narrow gorges.

Corrections. A. 4. Add ancient wall-line between towers T. xxii b and T. xxii e

and eastwards to lake-shore.   '

B. 4. Add symbol of astronomical latitude station at Ch'ien-fo-tung.

barren foothills   of   the Nan-shan.   The

Astronomically observed latitudes.

1906-08. Tun-huang town, Camp 159 ( garden about 1 mile S. of South

 

 

 

gate; B. 4)   ..

40°

8'

9"

Ruined watch-tower, T. xxvIII, ancient Limes, Camp 164 (C. 4 )...

40°

25'

45"

Ch'ien-fo-tung, Camp 178 ( monks' quarters near S. end of caves;

see Serindia, iii. Plan 42; B. 4)   ...

40°

2'

37"

Kua-chou-k°ou, Camp 181 ( near station ; D. 4 )

40°

22'

7"

An-hsi, Camp 182. ( house near temple cire. 1 mile S.W. of West gate; D. 3 )

40°

31'

38"

Ma-lien-ching-tzu, Camp 245 ( near rest-house ; C. 1 )

41°

33'

40"

1913-15. Camp 107, about 9 miles to E. of camp (B. 3)   ...

40°

32'

49"

Tun-huang town, Camp 110 ( garden about   mile outside E.

gate; B. 4)   ..   ..

40°

8'

  1.  

An-hsi, Camp 120 ( temple cire. 1 mile S.W. of West gate; D. 3 )

40°

31'

  1.  

NOTES ON SHEET No. 39 (NAN-HU)

The surveyed area of this sheet shows a portion of the extreme western end of the Nan-shan system and possibly its junction with the diltin-tàgh. Of the morphological connection between the two I am unable to form any definite view. The ground around the small oasis of Nan-hu (A. 1) was explored by me in 1907 and the high plateau above,Shih-pao-ch'êng (D. 1) visited in the same year. The survey of the intermediate area was made by R. B. Lâl Singh in 1914.

A description of the Nan-hu oasis, which is of some antiquarian and historical interest as marking the position of the ` Yang barrier' of the ancient Chinese border-line, is given in Desert Cathay, ii. pp. 71 sqq. The historical topography and physical features of this ground have been fully treated in Serindia, ii. pp. 611 sqq.

The positions adopted for Tun-huang and An-hsi in Sheet No. 38 and the adjusted traverse of the tsigh yol from Mirân to the former place served as a basis for the compilation of the plane-table work. Besides the observed latitude of Nan-h u, the astronomical values for Chien-fo-tung (No. 38. B. 4 ) and Shih-pao-ch'êng (No. 41. A. 1), places falling just outside this sheet, offered a useful check.

The deep-cut, and for a considerable distance wholly inaccessible, valley of the Tang-ho or Tun-huang river divides the surveyed area into two portions, both closely allied in character. In the western one the great gravel glacis holds a basin with fertile loess soil, and irrigation supplied mainly by subsoil drainage permits limited cultivation here under conditions closely resembling