National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
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On Ancient Central-Asian Tracks : vol.1 |
INDEX
Tapestry work from Lou-lan, 152, 153
Tarim basin, 6-8, I o, I I, 15; its dimensions, I I ; oases in, 13; Chinese trade routes through, 19, 20, 22-27; the mingling of cultural influences from China, Persia, and India left their mark on the civilization of this region, 23; the Huns take possession, 25; the Chinese regain control, 25; Buddhism in, 28, 30, 33, 64; aridity of climate, 29; again passes under the domination of the Hephthalites or White Huns, 3o; passes to the Western Turks, 31; Chinese regain possession, 31; Tibetan and Arab aggression in, 32; spread of Islamism, and decline of Buddhism in, 33; Eastern Turkish the only language spoken, 33; the population mainly Homo Alpinus type, 33; Tibetan domination in, 33; the Turks acquire control over the western portion, 33; brought under direct Chinese administration (1755) , 35; under the misrule of Yakub Beg, 36; Chinese control under the Tang dynasty ended about A.D. 791, 68; archaeological evidence of Tibetan and Turkish occupation, 116
Tarim river, 5, 8, 50, 109, 130-133, 156, 275, 279, 280, 284; hydrographic change affecting its course, 151; riverine changes in the terminal branches of, 166
Tarsagar pass, 296, 326
Tartary, 5
Tashkend, 288, 291; battle near, 32 Tash-kurghan, 47, 299, 33o
Ta-ts`in, 26
Ta-f ung, river, 242
Taun-murun saddle, 293
Taushkan, river, 284
Tawakkel, oasis, 56, 57
Taxila, or Takshasila, 91
Temples, at Endere, 106; at Miran, 112, 117; at Lou-lan, 143; at Nan-kouch`êng, 244; at Khara-khoto, 249; at Bezeklik, 263; at Ying-p`an, 275; at Ming-oi, 278; at Kucha, 281; shrines near Maral-bashi, 285. See also Cave temples
Terek pass, 294
Termez, 329
Textiles, decorated, 143
Thomas, Prof. F. W., 115, 214
Thomsen, Professor, i i 6, 216
Tibetan banners and drawings, 218
Tibetan manuscripts, at Khara-khoto, 249; at Idikut-shahri, 262; Buddhist manuscripts, the oldest known specimens, found at Endere, 106; at Miran,
341
113, 115; at Caves of the Thousand Buddhas, 205, 209, 214
Tibetan plateaux, g, 24, 239; lack of resources in, 7
Tibetans, aggression in Central Asia, 32, 33; occupation of Miran, 112-118; Tibetan domination in the Tun-huang region, 205
Tien-shan range (the `Celestial Mountains'), 2-5, I0, II, 31, 252-254, 256259, 277, 278, 280, 281, 284, 285, 289; migrating tribes of, 13, 31, 253; Chinese trade routes along, 24-z6, 34
Tila Bai, servant, 131
Timur, Emperor, 330
Tita, or Titus, frescoes at Miran by, 126 Ti-tsang, see Kshitigarbha
Toilet outfits, 268
Tokhari, see Kuchean
Tokhta Akhun, guide, I I I, 112, 130, 137, 142, 148
Tolai-shan range, 241
Torgut Mongols, 248
Tower of Sirkip, 262
`Town of the Dragon', 160
Toyuk, rock-cut Buddhist grottoes, 262 Trees, trunks of ancient, 84; rows of
fallen trunks in the Lop desert, 134 Tsai, General, 243
Tukhara, old seats of the, 107 Tumanovich, Captain, 312
Tumshuk, village, 285
Tun-huang oasis, 15, 170, 173, 193, 198, 210; Chinese punitive expedition sets out from, 22 ; Tibetan mastery over, 32; the ancient route from the Tarim basin to, I16, 129, 130, 145-162; Chinese establish an agricultural military colony in, 180; traversing Marco Polo's route from the Lop-nor marshes to Tun-huang, 163-192; Buddhist piety at, 199, 213; Manichaeism in, 216; Old Wall near, see Old Wall; cave shrines near, see Caves of the Thousand Buddhas
Tun-huang, river, 171
Tupchak plateau, 326
Turdi, guide, 56, 58-61
Turfan, I I, 24, 25, 254, 255, 275; wrested by the Chinese from the Western Turks, 31; Buddhism, Manichaeism, and Nestorian Christianity in, 33, 259; painted silk scroll discovered, 229; the Turfan basin, and the terminal salt lake, 256; irrigation by a system of Karezes, 257; climate, agricultural conditions, and trade, 257; its political history, 258; under Uigur rule, 258, 259; the Mongol conquest, 259; ex-
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