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0275 Serindia : vol.3
セリンディア : vol.3
Serindia : vol.3 / 275 ページ(カラー画像)

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doi: 10.20676/00000183
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Sec. iv] DESERT SITES NORTH OF TUMSHUK AND MARAL-BASHI   1309

continued in occupation considerably longer than Chong-tiny, and well into the Muhammadan

period. Besides two Tang pieces they comprised two Sung dynasty coins of A. D. 1034-8

and 1068-78 respectively, as well as a small silver coin of the Golden Horde struck at Khwârizm

in A. 1I. 743.

Within a mile or so of these little Titis' a belt of close-set tamarisk-cones was entered, such Terminal

as usually marks approach to an old river-bed, and a little beyond we struck the well-defined

dry bed of the Göre-akin, lined by big Toghraks, live as well as dead. It was known to my guides delta of

Kashgar

River.

as an old terminal branch of the Kâshgar River which passes through the defile between the two rocky hills west of Tumshuk (Map No. 15. D. 1) and was said to be traceable far away eastwards. Beyond this riverine belt, in all details recalling ground I had seen so often where the rivers of Keriya, Niya, etc., die away in the Taklamakân, I came upon groups of ruined dwellings rising on low mounds amidst tamarisk-cones of small size. But they were obviously not of any antiquity ; they probably mark an attempt to reclaim this area from the jungle made during a period relatively recent when the Gore-akin may for a time have again carried water. We had reached the northern edge of the terminal delta of the Kâshgar River, and the constant changes to which cultivation in such areas is subject have been noted too often before to need more than a passing reference.

Arrived at the village of Tumshuk by the high road I found myself on ground close to ruins which had repeatedly before received attention from European travellers and archaeologists. Professor Pelliot in 1906 had devoted several months' work to the extensive ruins of Buddhist shrines found at the foot of the picturesque rocky hill which rises to the north-west of Tumshuk. On the rapid visit I paid to them I had the satisfaction to see with what systematic care and thoroughness his clearing had been carried out, even though it was obvious from the first that the temples and monastic dwellings of the site had all suffered badly through burning. On the opposite side of the hill chain and not far from the ancient circumvallation of Tôj5a-sltahr and the left bank of the Göre-akin I inspected the scattered ruins of dwellings which are known as Tokuz-sarai. Coins of Muhammad Arslân had been brought to me at Tumshuk as finds from the latter locality, and suggested that the abandonment of this site could not have taken place earlier than the fourteenth or fifteenth century. This dating has its special interest with reference to the previously noted ` Tati ' remains lower down the Göre-akin, and a rapid examination of the ruins confirmed the chronological evidence of the coins. A day's halt at Tumshuk allowed me to visit also the ruins to be found at both ends of the long-stretched ridge which continues the line of the previously mentioned hill to the south-east beyond the gap passed by the high road. Those at the southern end manifestly belong to a pre-Muhammadan stronghold (Fig. 339) and might have tempted exploration had it been possible for me to spare time for the protracted labours there needed.

As it was, the necessity of keeping adequate time in hand for the manifold tasks of the summer Hills near months now urged a return to Khotan as early as possible. A variety of considerations imposed Tumshuk.

the route via Yarkand, and in order to cover the 350 odd miles which on it separated me from Khotan without too great a sacrifice of time, a succession of forced marches became necessary. The

first of them, on May 21, carried me to Marâl-bâshi over ground which offered varied geographical

interest. Right through from Tumshuk the road leads transversely past the foot of a series of rugged hill chains, all striking parallel to each other from north-west to south-east (Map No. 15.

c, D. 1). Each of them is now broken up by erosion into what looks like a line of isolated rock islands cropping out from the flat plain. Yet uniform geographical formation shows clearly that they are but the remnants of one ancient range which started at a sharp angle from the outermost Tienshan north of Marâl-bâshi and once had its continuation to ,the south-east far away into the

Ruins near

Tumshuk.

Remains of Tokuz-sarai.