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| 0025 |
Notes on Marco Polo : vol.1 |
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be regretted that they should have caused hesitation in B¹, 437. «Achbaluch» is the pure Turkish
Aq-baliq, and means «White City» (baltq, balty, is not Mongolian in spite of Y¹, II, 14, and Ch,
II, 162, 163). YULE's opinion about the names given by the Mongols to Imperial residences is
devoid of significance (in spite of STRAHLENBERG; cf. Y, II, 35), but the same author uses a more
solid argument when he remarks that the Mongol equivalent of Aq-baliq would be Čayān-balyasun,
and that Rašīdu-'d-Dīn speaks of «Chaghan Balghasun which the Chinese call Jintsinfu». In
favour of the equivalence of the last form to Chên-ting-fu (Chêng-ting-fu), YULE quotes the
itinerary copied by Mir 'Izzet ULLAH in 1812, which gives (JRAS, No. XIV [1847], 303) «Jig zing
fu جنکنکفو», corrected by YULE to «Jingdzinfu». This has to be abandoned. The itinerary of
1812 gives only modern forms, although the copy is very faulty, and we must almost certainly
read جنکنکفو Jingdingfu. But the text, or rather the texts, of Rašīdu-'d-Dīn remain, and I can
quote four different passages, in Bl, II, 216 (where the form جندین فو Jīndūn-fu of his two mss. has
been arbitrarily altered to جنک دن فو Čing-din-fu by the editor), in Rašīdu-'d-Dīn's «Life» of Chinghiz-
khan (Ber, III, 21, 29; Persian text, 33, 47, «Čayān-balyasun, which in the language of the
Chinese is called جنک زن فو Jīng-zīn-fū»; the Chinese parallel texts of the campaign mention here
Chên-ting-fu), and finally in Rašīd's unpublished «History of China», a manuscript translation of
which I owe to the kindness of Dr. R. LEVY. We should expect Jing-din-fu or Jindin-fu in all
passages of Rašīd; but Rašīd, owing to different sources, has often two spellings, one more
scientific, the other more popular. It is possible that the t- of ting, heard of course by the
Mongols as a sonant, had received a spirant palatalization, somewhat analogous to the one which,
out of Chin. 頂 f ting-tzŭ, «knob of official cap», has given to-day jingzā in Turkī and in
Mongolian.
Šāh-Rūḥ's envoys passed in 1420 through صندر فو, which has been read «Sadinfur» and corrected
into «Sadinfu»; REINAUD and YULE (cf. Y, I, 278, 285) long ago proposed to see here also Chêng-
ting-fu. The šad often renders a palatal č, there is no vowel written in the first syllable, and
I think the real reading is very probably شندین فو Šīndīn-fu — Chên-ting-fu.
In Bl, II, 448, 449, Rašīdu-'d-Dīn mentions سمکه بهادر *Sāmkā (?)- [or *Šāmkā-]bahadur in
connection with Čayān-balyasun; Sāmkā(?)-bahadur seems to be an epithet of 史天澤 Shih
T'ien-tsê (BLOCHET's attempts to explain this last purely Chinese name through Mongolian and
Manchu are futile), although I find no trace of it in Shih T'ien-tsê's biography (YS, 155, 4b-7a;
T'u Chi, 78, 1-6). It is perfectly true that Shih T'ien-tsê was early in command at Chên-ting,
where he came back to die in the beginning of 1275; but Rašīd is mistaken when he gives at this
point his account of the submission of Čayān-balyasun under Mongka.
RAMUSIO, our only source here, writes «Achbaluch». Now, Fra Mauro, in 1459, mentions
on his map a city «Hacbaluch» near a city «Zouza» (Zu, 32; HALLBERG, 224, 236, where «Gouza»
is not the form actually given on the map). «Hacbaluch» is certainly a wrong form of «Achbaluch»,
and it cannot be an abbreviation for «Acbaluc Mangi», since «Acbaluc Mangi» is also mentioned
by Fra Mauro. But, if we note that «Zouza» is very near the abnormal forms «Gouza» and
«Çonça?» peculiar to R and Z respectively for «Giogiu», the inference may be drawn that Fra
Mauro knew, among others, a manuscript of Polo very close to the one which gave to RAMUSIO his
«Achbaluch» and which is also represented, in an abridged form, by Z.
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531
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561
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571
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581
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601
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611
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621
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631
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