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| 0029 |
Notes on Marco Polo : vol.1 |
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9. ADAM
adaam L V, VA, VB, Z; G, R adan F, V
adam F, FA, FB, LT, TA², adamo TA¹, TA²; R addam LT
On Adam's Peak, cf. Zu, 51; Y, II, 320-322; Fe, 688; DAMES, Barbosa, II, 117; HALLBERG,
6-7; BEFEO, IV, 358-359; HR, 73-75; TP, 1915, 379; 1933, 433.
The name of Adam is written 阿 譚 A-t'an (*·Â-d'âm) in a Nestorian work of about the 8th
cent. (cf. SAEKI, The Nestorian Documents, Tôkyô, 1937, 213, and Chin. text, 56); 阿 妹 A-tan
in the Sino-Jewish inscriptions of 1489, 1512 and 1663 (TOBAR, Inscr. juives, 36, 57, 65); and 阿
騰 A-tan by Ma Huan in the first half of the 15th cent. (both tan and tam were pronounced tam until
about 1400-1450, and, from the 11th to 12th cent., a Chinese unaspirated t- served to render a
foreign d-).
While associating the name of Alexander the Great with the wonders of Adam's Peak, Ibn
Baṭṭūṭah does not ascribe to Alexander the making of the chains spoken of by Polo; YULE quotes
such an ascription only from a Persian poet of the 15th cent. But this last form of the legend must
have existed earlier; Mufaẓẓal knows it in the middle of the 14th cent. (cf. BLOCHET, Moufazzal,
697; the note is irrelevant). Western travellers also heard of it; it occurs on Fra Mauro's map
(Zu, 51).
10. ADEN
adam FAt, LT V (cor.), VB, Z arbe TA²
adan F, L, V, Z adenti TA¹, TA² arden, dan, denti, edenti, TA¹
adem P, VA, VB, VL; R adom, adon G edem LT, P, VA; G
aden F, Fr, t, FA, FB, L, andar V eden F, LT
Polo deals with Aden (Ar. ʿAden) from hearsay, but I am not inclined to believe in the occa-
sional confusion between Aden and Adel to which YULE refers, though with some diffidence, in Y, II,
433. Cf. also EI, s.v. «ʿAden» (very scanty); HALLBERG, L'Extrême-Orient, 8-10; L. DAMES, Bar-
bosa, I, 53-58; Fe, 688. The name of Aden, 阿 丹 A-tan, does not appear in Chinese texts before
the first quarter of the 15th cent.; cf. DUYVENDAK, Ma Huan re-examined, 59-62; TP, 1933, 343,
420-422 (where I have shown that, in 1421 [or 1416-1419?], the name of the golden coin then in
use at Aden was known under the Western name of fulûri, «florin»); TP, 1935, 287. For a
valuable description of Aden in Arabic, then unpublished, cf. FERRAND, in JA, 1921, II, 320.
Important native sources on Aden have been recently edited by Oscar LÖFGREN, Arabische Texte
zur Kenntnis der Stadt Aden im Mittelalter, Leipzig-Upsal, 1936.
It may be partly due to the obscurities of Polo's second-hand information on Aden that
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