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| 0131 |
Notes on Marco Polo : vol.1 |
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impossible Sino-Mongolian combination where «Calatuy», identical for him with «Calachan»,
would represent Mong. qara, «black», and Ch. ch'êng, «city»; but the two names must be kept
apart (for the second one, see «Calacian»). Now the Yüan shih (YS, 1, 9 b) says that Chinghiz-
khan died at the «temporary palace» (hsing-kung 行 宮 = ordo) of 哈 老 徒 Ha-lao-t'u, which can
be restored to *Qala'utu, perhaps *ɣala'utu, both not very far from «Calatuy» (it is Ha-lao-t'u
which, through Ch'ien-lung's «reformed» spelling and a Russian intermediary, became the «camp
of Caratouski» in Pa, 183, whence it has passed into CHAVANNES's note in TP, 1905, 2-3). In
spite of a wrong restoration, PAUTHIER had thus thought already of connecting «Calatuy» with
Ha-lao-t'u, and I would have little hesitation in doing the same, if it were not for the doubts
which have been raised as to the real location of Ha-lao-t'u, and, generally speaking, about the
death of Chinghiz-khan either in Kan-su or in Upper Mongolia. This is a very intricate question,
about which I have given some information in TP, 1934, 164-166. One point may be considered
as certain : in spite of the tradition of the Ordos, the tomb of Chinghiz-Khan is somewhere in
Upper Mongolia, and not in the great bend of the Huang-ho (cf. also, with caution, Ch, 1, 197).
89. CACANFU
cacanfu F, FA, FB, L¹ cangiafu, changiafu VB chacafu, chancafu TA¹
caçanfu, capçanfu VB cantasii G chanchasu VA
cacianfu F, Fr, t catanfu FB chanzanfu V
caianfu, cainfu L catenfu FAt pazanfu (twice) R
cancafu S caucasu P tacanfam, tancafam LT
cancassu VL chaciafu TA³ tacanfu FBr
candanfu FBt
This correct reading is actually found once in F, but the other form of F, «Cacianfu» (> Z
«Caçanfu»), may be an early alteration of a still better «Cacainfu», and «Cacanfu» is perhaps
«Cacainfu» > «Cacamfu» > «Cacanfu»; for the name certainly covers 河 間 府 Ho-chien-fu
(pronounced then Hŏ-kiân-fu), and chien (kiân) is rendered gain or quen by Polo (see «Gaindu»,
«Quenlinfu»). I have some recollection of reading the name in Rašīdu-'d-Dīn, although I cannot
trace it now. The transcription of Ho-chien-fu's ho by ca- is identical with that used in Mong.
Qasi := Qaši = 河 西 Ho-hsi (Hŏ-si), a name for the «Tangut» country in Chinghiz-khan's time (see
«Tangut»); see also «Cacu». Moreover, the name of «Cacanfu» must have often been used in
Mongol- and Persian-speaking circles.
The identification has been accepted by all except CHARIGNON, and is almost self-evident.
Polo's starting point was Cho-chou (see «Giogiu»), south-west of Peking, where the two main
roads followed by envoys branched off, one reaching Chêng-ting, where it again divided, to Hu-nan
and Chiang-hsi, or to Shan-hsi, Shàn-hsi, etc., the other leading to Hang-chou and Fu-chien. We
know that Polo passed through Chi-ning (on the Grand Canal, south-west of Yen-chou; see
«Singiu matu»). From Cho-chou to Chi-ning, the direct road passes through Ho-chien-fu
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