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| 0209 |
Notes on Marco Polo : vol.1 |
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and consequently would carry no weight in so far as the true form of the name, Nägüdär or Tägü-
där, is concerned. The confusion was moreover too easy. Only a dot differentiates the two
names; both princes had their name followed by the epithet «oγul» or «oγlan»; even in their
history there are some common points. Aḥmad-Tägüdär also does not seem to have always been
on good terms with his brother Abaγa; and just as Čaγatai's grandson sought refuge in Georgia,
Aḥmad-Tägüdär, on Abaγa's death in 1281, came to the Imperial camp straight from Georgia
(cf. Rašīdu-'d-Dīn's unpublished account of Aḥmad's reign). In some cases, I suspect that texts
which have been taken as referring to Čaγatai's grandson really concern Aḥmad-Tägüdär. We
should have a somewhat safer basis in this respect if it were true that as HAMMER has it (Ha¹, I,
322) Aḥmad-Tägüdär had remained in Mongolia and was sent to Persia by Qubilai under Abaγa's
reign, that is to say after 1265; but although we know that Hülägu had only taken with him, when
he started for the West, his two elder sons Abaγa and Yošmut (QUATREMÈRE, Hist. des Mongols,
147), I cannot trace the origin of HAMMER's statement about Qubilai and Abaγa.
Apart from occasional confusions between Aḥmad-Tägüdär and the grandson of Čaγatai in
late Persian texts and among Western scholars, the form of the name of Čaγatai's grandson
requires further investigation. While Aḥmad-Tägüdär's name is generally written Nägüdär in
Persian sources, the name of Čaγatai's grandson occurs twice in Juwaīnī, and the readings of the
best mss. are once تاگودار Tägüdär (III, 91) and once تاگودار Tägüdär (III, 107); and it is also Tägüdär
which we find in a parallel passage of Abū'l-Faraǰ, drawing in fact from Juwaīnī (Hist. Dynast.,
ed. POCOCKE, text, 503; transl., 329). But there is something more, which has been overlooked
by YULE and others. Čaγatai's grandson, when he revolted against Abaγa, went to Georgia,
where he fought long enough to become well known to the Georgians; the Georgian chronicle
has a long account of all these events, with many details not to be found elsewhere, and the name
of the prince is always written «Thaguthar» or «Theguthar» (cf. BROSSET, Hist. de la Géorgie,
I, I, 575-583; the note on p. 576 teems with confused statements). «Thakudar» is also the only
reading in the Armenian account of Malakia, an author of the late 13th cent. (BROSSET, ibid. I,
Add., 455, 465-466; PATKANOV, Ist. Mongolov Magakii, 31-32, 52-54). Now Armenian trans-
criptions have been accepted as decisive for «Tägüdär» against «Nägüdär» in the case of Aḥmad-
Tägüdär. Similarly, the conclusion seems inevitable that, for Čaγatai's grandson, Georgian and
Armenian transcriptions must prevail, and that his name was Tägüdär, not Nägüdär.
But what then about Polo's «Negodar»? Of the various individuals who could be conside-
red, only one remains, and it is one whose case is still mysterious. In the course of his note,
YULE (Y, I, 103) has quoted a general Nägüdär who, according to D'OHSSON, was in command
of some of the troops of the house of Jöči sent by Mongka with Hülägu. When war broke out
in 1262 between Hülägu and Bärkä (then the head of the house of Jöči; see «Berca»), Nägüdär
and his colleague «Onguǰa» escaped to Ḫorāsān, pursued by the troops of Hülägu, and thence
eastward, where they seized upon Ghazni and other districts bordering on India (cf. Oh, III,
379). Unfortunately, D'OHSSON does not mention his source. This Nägüdär cannot of course
be the prince, grandson of Čaγatai, who was still in Georgia in 1268-1269. But I have not
succeeded in tracing him, no more than his colleague «Onguǰa», although «Onguǰa» (cf. Mong.
ongyoča, «boat») is probably the same man whose name has been altered in Abū'l-Faraǰ's text
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