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| 0599 |
Notes on Marco Polo : vol.1 |
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OCR Text
195. ÇAITON
airon, çaitem, çaiton F caytum, çaintum, çaitum, sarcam, sarcan FB
cacar, çarcairon, çarton, çayton, çaytum, çaytun, zaytun Z sartam FBr
zayton LT chaiton, zaitoni(?) zaython VL sartan FAr, FB
caiton, cancaron, caron, zerito(?) charia, zanto, zaton TA² saito TA¹, VA
VB chatan, zartom TA¹ zaitom, zaizen VA
caiton F, L, VB çaairon, zairon L zaiton TA¹, V
carçon, kayten, sarçon, tarçon çairon F, L zaitum R
FA çartan Fr, t zarton TA¹, TA²
carton FA, FB marchon, zaitore, zandon, zaycem G
caycan P, Ps ziargati V zaytem P
cayton FB, Z
Without the slightest doubt, the various readings represent a pronunciation «Zaiton». In
the jumble of the mss. readings of the name, I fail to discover any clue for a difference between
the name of the city and that of the port. Former efforts in that direction have proved futile
(cf. Pa, 527; PHILLIPS, JNCB, xxi [1887], 41-42; Y, II, 234, 240). Yet the text speaks of the
«port» and of the «city of this port»; cf. Vol. I, 351. Andrea da Perugia, who arrived in the
city in 1318 and became the local bishop in 1322, speaks in 1326 of that «great city», que voca-
tur lingua persica Zaiton (Wy, 374). Peregrino da Castello's much-discussed letter is said to
have been written at «Zayton» on December 10, 1318 (Wy, 368). The same spelling is used
by Odoric (Wy, 460) and Marignolli (Wy, 536). John of Cora's «Racon» is of course a
clerical error (JA, vi [July 1830], 68; Y¹, III, 100). «Zayton» appears on the Catalan Map (cf.
CORDIER, L'Extrême-Orient dans l'Atlas Catalan, 32-33). Fra Mauro's map gives «Çaiton»,
«Zaiton» and «Zaidon» (cf. Zu, 38; HALLBERG, 95; and the map itself). Persian and Arabic
sources uniformly write زيتون Zāitūn; for instance, Ibn Sa'īd († 1274 or 1286; Fe, 349), Rašīdu-
'd-Dīn (Bl, II, 490), Ibn Baṭṭūṭah (transl. DEFRÉMERY and SANGUINETTI, IV, 269, 272, etc.; Fe,
427-429, 454-455), Abū-'l-Fidā (in REINAUD, Géogr. d'Aboulféda, II, II, 122-124), down to the
Āīn-i Akbarī of 1595 (Fe, 554). Waṣṣāf's ms., as edited by HAMMER (Persian text, 43), writes
لنكين وچين كلان, which HAMMER (Ha², transl., 43) has rendered «Lonkin Ferwesetiun», but
which evidently represents «Lonkin-fu (Chin. Lung-hsing-fu [?]; vide infra), and Zāitūn (زيتون),
and Čin-kālān (= Canton; omitted by HAMMER)». I quote this example to show that the vocalic
signs in HAMMER's ms. are arbitrary, and in particular that they cannot be cited to support any
reading different from Zāitūn.
Already in 1655, the Jesuit MARTINI, in his Novus Atlas Sinensis (§ on «Civencheu»),
proposed to identify «Zaiton» with 泉 州 Ch'üan-chou on the coast of Fu-chien. DE GUIGNES
concurred with him (Hist. gén. des Huns, III, 169). Finally, KLAPROTH published in 1824
(JA, v [July 1824], 41-44; also xi [1833], 342) a note in which he explained «Zaiton» as a tran-
scription of 刺桐 Tz'ŭ-t'ung, saying that he had found Tz'ŭ-t'ung given as an ancient name of
Ch'üan-chou in the Ta-Ch'ing i-t'ung chih. This equivalence was accepted for half a century,
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