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Notes on Marco Polo : vol.1 |
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61. BARSCOL
baiscol TA¹ bascol FB braschel VA
barcol F; R bascol VL brascol FA
barsoel P bastol LT uarscon VB
bascholulan V bayschol TA²
B¹, 438, has supposed that «Barscol» and «Bargu» might be one and the same name, diver-
sely altered by copyists; but «Bargu» (q. v.) is certain and well known, and «Barscol», given in
this form by F and R, is too strict a transcription of the Turkish Bars-köl, «Tiger Lake», or of
the Mong. Bars-yol, «Tiger River», to be doubted. The identification, however, is not clear.
PALLADIUS (Kommentarit, 33) has said that a geographical name «Barhül», close to
«Barscol», occurred in the Mongol text of the Secret History, but was unidentified, and that he
did not know exactly where to locate it : there the modern Baryu (Baryut) are now, or towards
the Barguzin. There is some mistake. I know the Secret History well, and there is no such
name, geographical or other, in it. PALLADIUS's hesitation shows that he thought of the Baryu,
and he must have misread the name «Barqun» (Baryun), which represents Baryu and not
Bars-köl. The other solutions put forward by PALLADIUS, which have been quoted in Y, I, 345
(«P'u-yü-lu» and «P'u-lo-ho»), are phonetically impossible, not to speak of other considerations
(Polo, for instance, never transcribes the title lu of a district, etc.).
Parker (in Y, I, 345) has said that «Barscol may be Pa-la-ssü or Bars Koto [in Tsetsen]».
I do not know if Pa-la-ssü comes from the Chinese translation of «Sanang Setsen»; but it is
true that, according to the Mongol chronicler, the last Mongol Emperor, Toyon-tämür, when
expelled from China in 1368, retired to the Kerulen, on the banks of which he founded a town
Bars-hota (Bars-hoto), «Tiger City»; he died in 1370 (SCHMIDT, Gesch. der Ost-Mongolen, 139).
SCHMIDT adds in a note (p. 403) that Bars-hoto still appears on the maps of the Jesuits and is
without any doubt the 應 昌 府 Ying-ch'ang-fu of the Chinese.
Ying-ch'ang-fu is not mentioned in the geographical section of YS, where there is only the
bare name, Ying-ch'ang-lu, in a list of districts about which the compilers say all information is
lacking (YS, 58, 5 a). But one of the biographies (YS, 118, 3 a) says that the request to the
Emperor for the foundation of Ying-ch'ang-fu was presented in 1270, and that the name was
changed to Ying-ch'ang-lu in 1285 (cf. POPOV, Mên-gu-yu-mu-czi, 29, 257, 278 [where «1286»
is wrong for «1285»]; POZDNÉEV, Mongoliya i Mongoly, II, 334). According to later Chinese
texts, Toyon-tämür actually settled in 1368 at Ying-ch'ang-lu, on the bank of the Pu-yü-êrh-hai
(POPOV, ibid., 278). An inscription written by Ch'êng Chü-fu in 1311, the text of which is
preserved in his Hsüeh-lou chi, 5, 8-9, commemorates the completion of the temple Pao-ên-ssü
begun at Ying-ch'ang-lu in 1309, and in the course of the narrative, relates the past history of
the city, founded in 1271 (it may be that the actual foundation took place in the year following
the request). The site is well known. POZDNÉEV, who describes it, has reproduced an inscrip-
tion of 1325 found on the spot, on which the name of Ying-ch'ang-lu still appears. The tablet
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