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Notes on Marco Polo : vol.1 |
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and climbed to the top; the four quarters all lay below. Going again several *li*, he came near
the Lu-chü-ho (the Kerulen), and remained a long time erect on his horse. He [then] bestowed
on the river the name of 飲 馬 河 Yin-ma-ho ('River where the horses are watered'). The
river flows to the north-east. Its course is swift. On both banks, there are numerous luxuriant
trees; near the banks are many elms and willows. In the river are islands (洲 *chou*), with much
rush and green grass, over a foot long. It is said that it cannot be used for feeding of horses,
and that when horses eat it, many fall sick. Fish is plentiful in the river; immediately people
presented some. Camp was pitched on [the bank of] the river. The place was called 平 漠 鎮
P'ing-mo-chên ('Garrison of the pacified desert').
Since the Emperor Yung-lo, coming from Hsüan-hua-fu and the Lake of the Brahminy
Ducks, reached the Kerulen and found it flowing «to the north-east», the spot at which he
arrived must have been about that of the confluence of the Sängkür (cf. p. 322) and the Kerulen,
or somewhere east of it, and the peak at the foot of which the Mongol «princes» were said to
have been buried, and which was seen to the north-east two days (three days in fact, but one
must have been a day of rest) before reaching the Kerulen, must have been to the south-east of
and not very far from the river. The Darban-üla («Ironsmith Mountain») of our maps, «Tarhan
Alin» (ma. *alin* = mountain) of D'ANVILLE's *Atlas*, Tartarie chinoise, 7th sheet, where, according
to TIMKOVSKI (*Voyage à Péking*, I, 173, 179), Chinghiz-khan's anvil was then said to be still
preserved and where the Mongols used to assemble every summer to commemorate the
conqueror, stands south of the Kerulen, but apparently somewhat too far west to meet the
conditions required by the data in Chin Yu-tzŭ's diary.
But whatever the actual position of the place may be, I cannot agree with the deductions
made by PALLADIUS. According to his abridged version of the passage, the «sovereigns» of the
Yüan house used to be buried at the foot of the lone peak. The word used by Chin Yu-tzŭ,
however, is not 帝 *ti*, «Emperor», but 王 *wang*, «prince». Now, I see no cogent reason why
Chin Yu-tzŭ, although writing under the first Emperors of the dynasty which had overthrown the
Mongols, should not give to the Mongol sovereigns their ordinary title of «Emperor». When
speaking of the last of them (fol. 2 *b*), he calls him Shun-ti as everybody does. So it seems to
me that by «princes», Chin Yu-tzŭ may mean members of the Mongol Imperial family, and not
the Emperors themselves. Only the Emperors and some of their next-of-kin were buried at the
«great *qoriq*»; but, if the statement put by Chin Yu-tzŭ into the mouth of Yung-lo has any
foundation at all, it may very well be that there existed at the lone peak, during the Mongol
period, a *qoriq* of those princes of the Imperial blood who were not carried to the Burqan-
qaldun. I do not think that, taken at its face value, Chin Yu-tzŭ's diary can be said to
substantiate the statements of P'êng Ta-ya and Hsü T'ing.
VI. — In *Trudy členov Ross. dukh. missii v Pekiné*, IV [1866], 252, PALLADIUS says :
«According to the tradition among the Mongols, the tombs of Chinghiz-khan and of his
descendants [who lived] in China lie at the Tas Mountain, north of Dolôn-nôr, on the way to the
Kerulen; the Mongols say that they assemble there every year to pay homage on the 7th of the
7th moon, on the supposed day of the death of Chinghiz-khan. In all likelihood, it is this place
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