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| 0392 |
Notes on Marco Polo : vol.1 |
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Finally, and without absolutely discarding the possibility of the form Lü-chên, I must say
that it seems to me to be a very doubtful form and perhaps due merely to a bad blunder of
the Ta-Chin kuo chih. The character 慮 lü is not altogether unknown in Ch'i-tan transcrip-
tions; a place-name 且慮 Chü-lü is mentioned in the Liao shih (116, 13 b); but it is of rare
occurrence. Now there is a sentence which in the Chin chih (copying the Ta-Chin kuo chih)
reads : « The Ch'i-tan were afraid (恐 k'ung) that the Nü-chên [might] make trouble » (髡丐
恐 女 真 矯 患 Ch'i-tan K'ung Nü-chên wei huan), but, in the San-ch'ao pei-mêng hui-pien
(3, 2 a), the original text is : « A-pao-chi was concerned (慮 lü) about [the fact that] the Nü-
chên [might] make trouble » (慮 女 真 矯 患 lü Nü-chên wei huan), which becomes in Ma
Tuan-lin « A-pao-chi was concerned about [the fact that] they (i. e. the Nü-chên) [might] make
trouble » (慮 其 矯 患 lü ch'i wei huan). It looks as though it were this 慮 且 lü ch'i which
was misread 慮 真 lü chên by the author of the Ta-Chin kuo chih, perhaps in some text
already corrupt, and thus gave birth to his alternative name « Lü-chên » for the Nü-chên. This
was then taken over by Ma Tuan-lin, who, owing to an additional mistake, specified that this
name « Lü-chên » had been given to the Nü-chên by the Ch'i-tan. If, however, « Lü-chên »
should unexpectedly turn out to be a genuine form, a last hypothesis might be suggested :
Lü-chên could be an apheretic form of a more complete *Nü-lü-chên < *Jurčen. Such aphe-
reses are not unknown. I lay no stress on the names Ta-Chên — Ta [Nü-]chên and Tung-
Chên — Tung [Nü-]chên which will be mentioned in the last part of the present note, because
they are half Chinese. But ancient names of the Nü-ku mu-li of the Ch'i-tan period (the present
Šira-mürän; cf. infra, p. 379), like 如 洛 †瓌 Ju-lo-kuai (*Ñẑǐ*o-lâk-kuâi), which occurs also as
« Lo-kuai », would provide an exact parallel to *Nü-lü-chên > Lü-chên (on the ancient names of
the Šira-mürän, cf. SHIRATORI, Beiträge zur historischen Geographie der Mandschurei, Tōkyō,
1914, I, 365). But, whatever the truth about « Lü-chên » may be, it must not be adduced to
explain the « Longa » in Rubrouck's « Longa et Solanga », as has been suggested by ROCKHILL
(Rubruck, 153; cf. Wy, 1, 234).
The name Chu-li-chên, which occurs in the San-ch'ao pei-mêng hui-pien, the I-i mou Hsia
lu, and the Ta-chin kuo chih is of course nothing but a transcription of *Jurčen; it was a bad
mistake of Li Wên-t'ien, in his Commentary on the Secret History (7, 2 a), to have stated that
both Chu-li-chên and Nü-chên represented the name of the Mongol tribe Jirgin (occurring in the
Secret History, §§ 170, 171, 185-187, 208). The opinion expressed in the San-ch'ao pei-mêng hui-
pien that the Chu-li-chên, alias Nü-chên, were the descendants of Chu-mêng of Kao-li is also an
error. Chu-mêng was the name of the traditional founder of the kingdom of Kao-li or Kao-ku-
li (Corea) just before the Christian era (cf. GIBERT, Dictionnaire, 429, 880). But the alleged
connection between the names is fictitious, since it is based on the tacit assumption that the
names are to be read *Chu Li-chên and *Chu Mêng, as though both began with the Chinese
surname Chu; but both Chu-li-chên and Chu-mêng are mere transcriptions of foreign names.
The correct equivalence of Chu-li-chên with *Jurčen was given long ago by BRETSCHNEIDER (in
JNCB, x [1876], 108; cf. also TERRIEN DE LACOUPERIE in JRAS, 1889, 437; Br, 1, 224).
In the 登壇必究 Têng-t'an pi-chiu, published in 1598, DEVÉRIA in 1598, DEVÉRIA identified the name 主兒
赤 Chu-êrh-ch'ih, rendered in Chinese 海西 Hai-hsi, « West of the Sea » (cf. Revue de l'Extrême-
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