国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

Rašīd's « Šūjū ». The names are of course irreconcilable. In Rašīd's History of China, the name
of the last Emperor of the Chin dynasty is given as سوسو Sūsū, which Blochet corrected into سوشو
Sūšū; according to Blochet (Bl, II, 256, 450-451), this Chin Emperor is Wan-yen 完 顏 Ch'êng-lin,
canonized as Mo-ti, and both the name Sūsū of the last Chin Emperor and the name Šūjū, corrected
into Sūjū, of the last Sung Emperor, would represent a Chinese epithet su-chu « majestic sovereign »,
which, in fact, does not exist. Moreover, Rašīd certainly never heard of Wan-yen Ch'êng-lin, who
had only a nominal reign of a few days at the beginning of 1234; his last Chin Emperor can be
only Ai-tsung, whose personal name was Wan-yen 守 緒 Shou-hsü (cf. Giles, Biogr. Dict., No. 2130),
and I have little doubt that, in his case, we must read سوشو Šūšū, a regular transcription of Shou-hsü.
If Rašīd used the personal name of that Emperor, and not his posthumous title, it must be because
the Mongols did not recognize the posthumous title of the Emperor they had defeated and used
to call him by his personal name. It even seems that the Mongols had slightly altered this name,
so as to give it a depreciatory meaning. This is at least the information given by the Secret History
(§ 273), where we are told that, after conquering the capital of the Chin, the Mongols gave the
« Altan qan » (« Golden King », i. e. the Chin sovereign) the name of Sä'üsä; and the following
line, as well as the early Chinese translation, show that Sä'üsä is intended to render the Chinese
小 厮 hsiao-ssū, « small servant »; this Sä'üsä seems to have been adopted on account of a phonetic
analogy with Shou-hsü. It may be in remembrance of this epithet given by the Mongols to the
Chin Emperor that the Ming Emperor Ching-t'ai was also called Hsiao-sü during his captivity
in Mongolia (cf. « Sanang Setsen », ed. Schmidt, 169, where the name is written « Čaγān Šiosa »;
it is « Moḫor Sosa » in Altan tobči, 173, but the true equivalence « White Hsiao-ssū », « White
Small Servant », is not unknown to Chinese texts; cf. Mêng-ku yüan-liu pu-chêng, 5, 21 a. For
the transcription 小 厮 hsiao-hsieh, cf. Br, II, 208; YS, 107, 6 b). As to the « name » given by
Rašīd as being that of the last Sung Emperor, we must remember that Rašīd's informants lived
under the Mongol dynasty; it will then appear probable that شوجو Šūjū is miswritten instead of
سونجو Sōnjū, i. e. 宋 主 Sung chu, « the ruler of the Sung »; this is the designation which is regu-
larly used in the YS for the last Sung Emperors, and particularly for Chao Hsien. Rašīd mentions all
the other Sung sovereigns under their posthumous «temple» name; there was none for Chao Hsien
at that time, since he was still alive, and this may account for the epithet used for him by Rašīd.

228. FANSUR

famfur VL fansur F, Fr, FA, L, VA, Z fonfur G
fanfur LT, VA, VB; R fanur FB fransur TA¹
fansar Ft ffamfur, ffanfur, phanfur P franzur TA³
fansul V
Camphor
canfur VB fansur Z fansury FA, FB
fanfur R fansuri F, L fasal V

The « kingdom » of « Fansur », centre of production of the camphor called « fansuri », is of
course the region of Baros on the southwestern coast of Sumatra; cf. on it Y, II, 302-304; Hobson-
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