国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

the *T'ung tien*, 190, 2 b; the *T'ai-p'ing huan-yü chi*, 188, 10 a; the *T'ung chih*, 196, 16 a; and
the *Wên-hsien t'ung-k'ao*, 334, 2 b, give only I-fu-ti; the name is unidentified, the customs of which
are the same as those of the T'u-yü-hun. They do not know the five cereals, and live only on fish
and 蘇子 *su-tzŭ* (« seeds of *su* »; ? *Perilla ocimoides*); the seeds of *su* are like the seeds of the
枸 杞 *kou-chi* of China (*Lycium Chinense*). To the north [of the T'u-yü-hun], there is also the
kingdom of 河 蘭 A-lan (this is the usual transcription of the name of the Alans [see « Alains »,
t. 1, p. 16], but the true form certainly is 訶 蘭 K'o-lan, *K'â-lân*, given by all the other texts),
[the people of] which are like birds and beasts. They do not know how to fight. If of a sudden
they see a stranger, the whole kingdom takes to flight. The land yields nothing, [but the people]
breed much cattle. The people are of light body and good at running; when pursued, they are not
to be caught. To the north [of the T'u-yü-hun], there is also the Kingdom of the Woman King
(Nü-wang kuo), where a woman is the ruler. People do not know it, but it is so reported. »
The *Pei shih* (96, 8 b, 9 a) is more detailed and more satisfactory : « North of the T'u-yü-hun,
there is the kingdom of I-fu-wu-ti. In that kingdom there is the 屈 海 Ch'ü-hai (« Bent Sea » ?,
or transcription of a foreign name) more than 1 000 *li* in circuit. The people number 10,000 落 *lo*
(« camps », « settlements »; here « tents » ?). Their customs are the same as [those of] the T'u-yü-
hun. They do not know the five cereals and live only on fish and seeds of *su*; the seeds of *su* are like
the seeds of *kou-chi* of China, either red or black. [West of the T'u-yü-hun] (the word «west» is not
in the *Pei shih*, but is given in the *T'ung tien*, the *T'ai-p'ing huan-yü chi*, etc., and was certainly
dropped by accident), there is a tribe [called] 契 翰 Ch'i-han (*K'iei-yân* or *K'jat-yân*), the customs
of which are also identical (on the ancient seat of the Ch'i-han, cf. the text, perhaps corrupt, of
*T'ai-p'ing huan-yü chi*, 188, 9 a); it has particularly many wolves. North-west of the Po-lan
Mountain, there is moreover the kingdom of K'o-lan, the customs of which are also identical [with
those of the T'u-yü-hun]. Their eyes do not see the five colours; their ears do not hear the five
sounds; they are an ugly race among all the kinds of Barbarians. The lands yields nothing, but they
breed much cattle; and their tents (戶 落 *hu-lo*) too may number more than 10.000. The people
are stupid and weak, and do not know how to fight. If of a sudden they see a stranger, the whole
kingdom takes to flight. Their nature is like that of wild beasts. They are light of body and
good at running; when pursued, they are not to be caught. South-west of the Po-lan, at a distance
of 2 500 *li*, and separated by a great range of mountains, after having crossed the Sea of Forty Li
(Ssŭ-shih-li-hai), there is the Kingdom of the Woman King (女 王 國 Nü-wang kuo). The people
number more than 10,000 *lo* (« tents » ?). They have fixed abodes. [The land] yields mulberry
and hemp, and ripens the five cereals. They make a woman their king, hence their name. The
interpreters (*i-shih*) have not been there, but it is so reported. » The *T'ai-p'ing huan-yü chi* (186, 8 b)
has preserved a similar passage from an earlier work, 段 國 Tuan Kuo's 沙 州 記 *Sha-chou chi*,
written prior to 527 : « South-west of the Po-lan, at a distance of 2 500 *li*, and separated by a great
range, after having crossed the Sea of Thirty Li (San-shih-li-hai), there is the 'Kingdom of Women
(Nü-kuo).» The divergence between the «Sea of Forty Li» and the «Sea of Thirty Li» is the result
of a clerical error, one way or the other, probably due to the ancient use either of 卅 and 卌 for
« forty » and « thirty », or of 亖 for « four ».
It is clear that the *Pei shih* gives the true bearings, whereas the *Wei shu* erroneously locates