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under a form which YULE writes « Kansan ». Although the name mentioned by Odoric very
probably refers to Hsi-an-fu and to the province of Shàn-hsi, it is difficult to see why Odoric did
not use either a Chinese name, or the ready made Kinjanfu of the Persians; I do not believe he
was learned enough to leave out fu as being an administrative appellation and not really a part
of the name. On the other hand, the Mss. differ widely here; but I do not attach much weight
to the form « Casairon » given by Ms. C of Odoric and adopted by the most recent editor only in
the title of the chapter (Wy, 483, 484).

Since KLAPROTH, Kinjanfu has been explained by 京 兆 府 Ching-chao-fu. Ching-chao-fu
had already been in use in the T'ang dynasty; the Chin called it the 路 lu of Ching-chao-fu, and the
name was retained in the beginning of the Mongol dynasty. In 1262, the Mongols created a single
province of Shàn-hsi and Ssŭ-ch'uan, the provincial seat being at Ching-chao; this name of Ching-
chao was changed to the lu (department) of 安 西 An-hsi in 1277. Ssŭ-ch'uan became a separate
province in 1286, and Shàn-hsi proper became the province of Shàn-hsi; in 1312, the An-hsi-lu
became the 奉 元 路 Fêng-yüan-lu. The names of the lu do not seem to have been in common
use, at least among foreigners, and Polo, as well as Rašidu-'d-Dīn, always speaks of fu and chou.
No better explanation than KLAPROTH's has been proposed; in any case, the Ching-ch'êng[堡]-fu
of Bl, II, 496, never existed. Very likely, the name of Kinjanfu, derived from Ching-chao-fu,
superseded in Central Asian use the old name of Ḥumdan or Ḥumudan during the Chin dynasty
(on Ḥumdan, see the bibliography in Mi, 225 and 229). The only difficulty is about the n of -jan-
instead of the u which one would have expected; I do not believe that VON RICHTHOFEN can have
heard it correctly at the end of the last century from a Chinese boy he met on the spot (cf. BEFEO,
IV, 771). And it is still more puzzling to find an -n also in Odoric's « Cansan » or whatever it be,
without the final -fu, if it means really the same name. As to the use of Kinjanfu in the Ming
vocabularies to designate the province of Shàn-hsi, it is in agreement with Polo's use of the names
of provincial cities for the provinces themselves. Even in Chinese, we occasionally find the province
named after its metropolis; for instance Ching-chao-hsing[行]-shêng, An-hsi-hsing-shêng and
Shàn-hsi-hsing-shêng all appear in Yung-lo ta-tien, 19417, 13 a, 15 b; 19418, 9 b; this may be due
to a lax use of the terms in Mongolian.


320. QUENLINFU

chelinfu V quelifu FA quenlifu FB
gelinphu VL quelinfu R quesinfu P
qenlifu F, L quelinsu LT quilynsu G
qenlinfu Z quellafu TA¹, TA³ quindefu VB

Already identified with 建 寧 府 Chien-ning-fu by MARTINI in the 17th cent. (Novus Atlas
Sinensis, French ed., 153). The name of Chien-ning-fu goes back to the Sung; under the Mongol
dynasty, Chien-ning was a lu. On the importance of Chien-ning at that time for the postal commu-