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Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books

Tarikh-i-Rashidi, 257, 296; STEIN, Ancient Khotan, 87, 88). It may be worth pointing out that
Hsü Sung, who had travelled in Chinese Turkestan, devotes a passage of his Hsi-yü shui-tao chi, com-
pleted in 1821, to ancient sites at Yärkänd : « At the south-eastern corner inside the city, there is an
old stūpa (浮 圖 fou-t'u), more than 300 feet high; the Moslems call it 圖 特 T'u-t'ê (? Tut) and say
that it was built by people of the kingdom of K'a-la-ho-t'ai (Qara-Ḫitai); it is entirely made of bricks,
without beams or rafters. South of the city, there is an old tomb, with several tens of pine-trees
and cypresses, and stone sheep, camels and horses, and also with two men of stone holding in their
hands the tablet (hu) and carrying swords. People say that it is the tomb of a man of the kingdom
of Qara-Ḫitai. If any one tries to dig there, there is wind and rain. The people of that region cal-
the Chinese Ho-t'ai (Ḫitai) ». Hsü Sung was a careful scholar, and in view of the evident exaggel
ration in the height of the stūpa, one may be permitted to doubt whether he ever visited it himself.
But the details given suggest that it was a Buddhist stūpa, and consequently prior to the Qara-
Ḫitai occupation of the 12th cent. The name is not clear; tut means «mulberry» in Turkī, but could
not be used alone as the name of a stūpa. The tomb with the stone statues of men and animals is
still more puzzling; the arrangement suggests a Chinese prototype, and the Qara-Ḫitai may have
used it. But no conclusion can be reached at present, and Hsü Sung's information can only be
taken as an incentive to further inquiries on the spot.
Some Polo Mss. mention at Yärkänd the presence of Jacobites alongside with Nestorians; for
a discussion of this point, see « Jacobins ».


385. YRAC

arac TA¹, TA³ irach V yrac F, FA, FB, L, LT
hirach R irachi VB yrach Z

'Irāq, our Irak. I do not find the name in any other western mediaeval source. Polo mis-
applies it when he includes Tabrīz in Yrac; cf. Y, I, 75.


386. ZAFU

zafu VB (cf. CACIONFU and CAICIU).