国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

Of course I am not blind to the fact that the chain of my argument lacks several links, and that
I have to replace by hypotheses elements of information which have not reached us or which I have
failed to trace. But I am confident that the solutions I have proposed may be nearer the truth, and
at any rate are more coherent than those afforded hitherto.

**213. DUFAR**

*defur* VB *dufar* F, Ft, FA, FB, L, LT, *far* FA, FB, V (?)
*diofar* (?) V TA¹, TA³, V, VA, Z; G *fufar* LT
*diufar, duifar, dulfar* R *duffar* Z *sufar* VL
*dofar* Fr, VB *durfari* P *tufar* TA³

On ظفار, « Dhofar » of our maps, on the southern coast of Arabia, cf. *Y*, I, 445; the name is « Dofar »
in Barbosa (cf. DAMES, *Barbosa*, I, 67); *Fe*, 395; FERRAND, in *JA*, 1925, I, 308-309; II, 209. There is
no doubt that the transcription Ẓafār, still given by some authors, is wrong, and that the name is
Ẓufār or Ẓofār.

In Chinese texts, the name appears first in 1225, used by Chao Ju-kua under the form 奴 發
Nu-fa (*fa* with ancient *-t*, used also for *-l*, *-r*); cf. *HR*, 116, 121, 195. It is then mentioned again in
the first half of the 15th cent. as 祖 法 兒 Tsu-fa-êrh and Tso [左]-fa-êrh (Zufār and Ẓofār); cf. ROCK-
HILL, in *TP*, 1915, 611-614; DUYVENDAK, *Ma Huan re-examined*, 58-59; my remarks in *TP*, 1933,
299-300, 418-420. Chêng Ho's visit to Ẓofār is probably to be placed in 1421-1422.

**214. EÇINA**

*azian* V *eezima* TA¹ *ezina* L, LTr, P; R
*azina* Z *esanar* FA, FB *ocina* VA
*ecina* VL *ezima* TA³ *zenoda* (?), *zinai* VB
*eçina* F, Fr, *t*, L, LT

This is the 赤 集 乃 I-chi-nai, * Izinai ?) circuit (*lu*) of Mongol times, the name of
which survives in Etsin-gol (Edzin-yol) or « River Etsin », north of Kan-chou (in Kan-su); the city
of Eçina corresponds to the ruins of Khara-khoto, Ḥara-Ḥoto, (« Black City »), well-known through
the explorations and discoveries of KOZLOV and STEIN (cf. STEIN, *Innermost Asia*, 1, 435-506). It
appears as « Ezina » on the map of Fra Mauro (cf. *Zu*, 35; HALLBERG, 200).

The name of the city of Eçina goes back at least to the beginning of the 13th cent., since we
find it then, transcribed 赤 卲 納 I-chi-na (I-tsi-na, * Izina ?) in Chinese, and probably ايسان Isān
(or Esān) in Rašīdu-'d-Dīn (cf. *JA*, 1920, I, 181-182, and see « Calacian »); it seems to have been ori-