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II, 122, 162). I am not in a position to decide whether Paschal de Vittoria's « littera vingurica »
Wy, 503) is for « uigurica » or for « iugurica ».
Plan Carpine's spelling, « Huiur », is based on Uïyur (cf. also his « Sarihuiur » = Sarïγ-Uïyur;
Wy, 88, 89).
The Chinese transcriptions of the T'ang period, [回] 紇 Hui-ho (*yuâi-γuat) and [回] 鶻 Hui-hu
(*yuâi-γuat) suppose the notation of the initial alif by γ-; but it is by no means certain that the same
explanation holds good for the h- in Plan Carpine.

262. JATOLIC

atolit FA iacolich P jacholic TA¹, VA
çatholic Z iacolit R jacolic FB
iacholie TA³, V iatolic F jatolic L
iacobia VL iatolit VB jatolio LT

BENEDETTO (B¹, 453) writes « giatolic », which is in itself quite possible, but no Ms. gives it
in fact. I have decided for « jatolic », with a French j (= ž). From Arabo-Persian جاثليق jāθaliq
or جاثليق jaθaliq, itself derived from καθολικός. The Nestorian and Armenian patriarchs are
called catholicos, but Polo uses this title afterwards only when speaking of the Nestorians (cf. chapter
on Socotra). It is written « jaselich » by Burchard (LAURENT, Peregrin... quatuor, 91) and « iafelic »,
corrected by the editor to «iaselic», by Ricold (LAURENT, ibid., 130; Y¹, I, 61). To take the chapter
on Mosul literally, Polo would seem to speak of one patriarch ruling over Nestorians, Jacobites
and Armenians. But I think it is simply a case of bad redaction, and that the catholicos who sends
archbishops to India and (probably) to China is only the catholicos of the Nestorians. According
to the chapter on Socotra, the catholicos resided at Bagdad, and YULE remarks (Y, I, 61) that that
was true for the Nestorian patriarch in Polo's time, though, of course, it would not be true for the
Jacobite or Armenian patriarchs. One point remains unsatisfactory : if the catholicos lived in
Bagdad, why does Polo name Bagdad among the places to which he « sends » archbishops etc. ?
As a matter of fact, at the time of Polo's return from China, the catholicos was residing mostly
in Maraya, far from Bagdad (cf. CHABOT, Hist. de Mar Jabalaha III, passim).
In Armenian, the catholicos is called kathutikos, in modern pronunciation gathuγigos; the
word appears in Yāqūt as كاثيكوس katāγikos (or gatāγicos?), which occurs also, with a corrupt
spelling, in Mufaẓẓal (BLOCHET, Moufazzal, 390). A form kāγikos is even met earlier, in 1189-90
(Hist. des Crois., Arabes, IV, 435-436). This is due to the fact that the Armenian l had already
passed to γ in certain regions at the end of the 11th cent. But such a conclusion is hardly reconcil-
able with some Armenian transcriptions of Central Asiatic names in the 13th cent.; probably the
change of pronunciation had not yet taken place in the whole country at that date, and sometimes
l still sounded l, particularly in Cilicia.