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Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books

64   INDEX

by the name Chin-ling, which has never been a chou.

See p. 257-258.

CIANGLI (< *CIANGLIN).

This must be the Ling-chou of the Mongol dynasty (modern Tê-chou, Tê-hsien).

Under the Sung and Chin and at the beginning of the Mongol dynasty, Ling-chou had been called the hsien of Chiang-ling ; Polo's « Ciangli » is Chiang-ling.

See p. 258-259.

*Ciangli = *Cianglin : the « Ciangli »

of the mss. must stand for it.

See CIANGLI, p. 259. CIANGLU.

This is Ch'ang-lu-chên, on the Grand Canai.

There were two roads, Ch'ang-lu was on the eastern, Ho-chien-fu on the western one; although the actual itinerary which Polo describes followed the western road, he inserts a digression, as to give account of Ch'ang-lu. See p. 259-261.

« Cianglu » : Ch'ang-lu.

An important gabelle centre. See SINGIU, p. 834. CIANSCIAN.

This is Ch'ang Shan, and not Chiang-shan.

See p. 261.

CIARCIAN.

It is phonetically tar —can and is the modern Charchan, Cherchen.

The name appears first c.A. n. 800 in the Tibetan transcriptions ear-then and Cer-ten. Kasyari's eürcan (1076) is to be read (ärcän.

The name occurs in YS as Shê-ii-hui (1282) and Shê-ch'an (1286, 1287).

See p. 261-262.

« Cibai » : (Polo) it is eabäi, grandson of Baidar.

See CIAGATAI, p. 254. CIBAI and CABAN.

There is no doubt that the two brothers l`aid and Qaban, sons of Aluyu, are meant. Qaban was the eider but l`übäi played a more important part. l;übäi is mentioned in YS as Ch'u-po, Shu-po, and Qaban, as Ha-pan.

If they have not been identified

earlier, it was mainly because of misstatements in YS and misreadings in our editions of Persian historians.

See p. 262-263.

Cibotium barometz : name given to a fern which would be A gnus scythicus.

See COTTON, p. 526. CIELSTAN.

This is Sülistan. Polo gives

• Cielstan » as one of the eight « kingdoms » of Persia.

The Chinese transcription ShêIa-tzü is probably Siraz, and Hsieh-la-shih, perhaps Sülistàn, is not satisfactory. Perhaps we ought, to read Hsieh-la-fu, Siraf.

See p. 263-264.

« Cimchin » : Polo must have used either this form, with the Persian metathesis, or « Cinehim », as in Chinese.

See CINCHIM, p. 280.

CIN.

The name occurs in Polo only in connection with the « sea of Cin »; he evidently refers to the Persian form Cin. « Cin » is for him « Mangi ».

Classical antiquity knew China under two names E-Tipeÿ (Lat. Seres) and *O(v or Sinai; Cosmas refers to T tv(6 ray. The connection of *ON and Ttv(crrav with Skr. Cina and Cinasthàna is not open to doubt, but they are probably due to the Iranian form einistàn.

• China » represents Ch'in, the name of the great feudal state of western China.

The Persian « ern » passed to the Arabs as « in ».

The translators of Buddhist texts in Chinese render « Cina » as « Ch'in », or « Chih-na » or

• Chên - tan », the original of which may be of a type similar to the Sogdian *(instan. Chinese texts of the T'ang period also give Mo-ho-chih-na, Mo-ho-chên-tan; these forms render « Mahacina ».

In the 7th-8th cents., there was a tendency to speak of the capital in the north as « Mahacina » and to understand « Cina » as Southern China, more particulary Canton.

In the 11th cent. North China was known as I;Jitai, but « tin» (Pers.) « in » (Ar.) « Ta(lyac » (Tur.) were still in use.

In the Mongol period « Mahacin », « Macin », referred to Canton.

Towards 1500 the Portuguese transcribed as « China » the form « Cina » used by the Malays. See p. 264-278.

• Cin » : mentioned several times by Fra Mauro.

See CIN, p. 278.

cina : occurs once in a Kharolhï document.

See COTAN, p. 410.

• Cina » : («   ») Sanskrit and
  Malay name of China. See CIN, p. 267.

• Cina » : the identity with « Ch'in » is given by Buddhist authors of the 3rd-5th cent., by a Tibetan author of the 18th cent. and by Hsüan-tsang.

It renders « Ch'in n, at least when meaning « China ».

See CIN, p. 268.

Cina : it is not very likely that the name would have spread to Central Asia prior to Ch'in Shih-huang-ti's accession to the throne of China.

See CIN, p. 269.

• Cina » : in the Sanskrit texts, probably represents the Chinese in principle and from the beginning.

See CIN, p. 269.

« Cina » : mentioned before the « Aparacina », both preceding the Tukhàra, in the Râmâyaiea and the Saddharmasmrtyupasthâna.

See CIN, p. 272.

• Cina » : I-ching's note is in fact given in connection with a mined temple of the Ganges.

See CIN, p. 272.

• Cina » : in a Sanskrit list of A. D. 1128, follows « Mahacina D. Given by I-thing as Canton. In the 7th-8th cents. there was a tendency to understand it as a designation of Southern China and more particularly Canton. See CIN, p. 272.

« Cinabhùmi » : in Sanskrit texts, « land of China » probably translated by Ch'in-ti.

See CIN, p. 271.