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Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books

more probably 1201. According
to the Cho-kêng lu, the final
enthronement ought to be
dated in January 1207, accor-
ding to Rašīd, in the spring of
1206; both are not binding.
See p. 295-296.

CINGHIS (Chinghiz-khan and Ong-
khan's Daughter) : according to
Vincent de Beauvais, André
de Longjumeau and Bar-He-
braeus, Chinghiz-khan married
a daughter of Ong-khan.
Chinghiz-khan did not marry
the daughter, but a niece of
Ong-khan, Ibaka-bäki, daughter
of Jagambu. The marriage of
Chinghiz-khan and his sons with
women of Ong-khan's family all
took place after the latter's
death. In the life-time of Ong-
khan, projects of unions between
both families fell through owing
to his ill-will; Polo's state-
ment may be an echo of it.
See p. 303-304.

CINGHIS (the name Tämüǰin) : this
is Chinghiz-khan's real name.
According to the early Mongol
tradition, it was the name of a
Tatar chief defeated by his
father. The name occurs as
T'ieh-mu-chên, Tê-mu-chên in
Chinese sources. Opinions have
been at variance on this name.
Rašīdu-'d-Dīn gives the correct
Mongol form; earlier Musul-
man sources give Tāmūrī,
Tāmūreī; tāmūrčī in Turkish,
tāmūrči, tāmūtčin in Mongo-
lian means « blacksmith »;
it may be that the Turkish form
of « Tāmūǰin » was not an
erroneous equivalence and that
the meaning « smith » was
attached to the name. It would
seem that it survived as a pro-
per name until the 17th cent.
See p. 289-291.

CINGHIS (the other imperial tombs
of the Mongol dynasty) : the
Ch'i-lien-shan mentioned north
of Kuei-hua-ch'êng must be
one of the local names of the
Wêng-kung-shan; there is no
reason to suppose that there
may have been there the burial
ground of any Chinghizkhanid
at all. The only texts which
are really puzzling as to the

location of the Mongol Im-
perial tombs are those of the
Sung envoys P'êng Ta-ya and
Hsü T'ing, but they are not of
such a nature as to overrule the
evidence found in Rašīdu-'d-
Dīn and in the YS. It is prac-
tically certain that Chinghiz-
khan and the line of Tolui,
including Qubilai, were buried
on the Burqan-qaldun, alias
the Ch'i-lien Valley.
See p. 353-363.

CINGHIS (the place of Chinghiz-
khan's death) : according to YS,
Chinghiz-khan died at the
« hsing-kung of Ha-lao-t'u of the
Sa-li-ch'uan » (« Sa-li Valley »).
A second Chinese tradition
makes Chinghiz died at the Liu-
p'an-shan; Rašīdu-'d-Dīn also
says that Chinghiz died at the
Liü-bān-šān (Liü-pān-šān). The
place name in Mongolia
corresponding to the « Sa-li
Valley » of the Chinese texts is
always written Sa'ari-kā'är in
the Secret History. The Sa-li-
ch'ieh-rih (the Sa'ari-kā'är of
Chinghiz-khan) is the Shuang-
ch'uan-hai, which is to be
connected with the Ko-lao-t'ai
Lake west of the Kerulen.
The four ordo of Chinghiz were
in Mongolia; the « Ha-lao-t'u
hsing-kung of the Sa-li Valley »
of the YS is the yala'utu-ordo
of Sa'ari-kā'är in Mongolia.
Chinghiz-khan died south of
the Liu-p'an-shan within the
jurisdiction of the hsien of
Ch'ing-shui, but immediately
his coffin was carried to the
yala'utu-ordo of Sa'ari-kā'är.
See p. 309-330.

CINGHIS (the title « Chinghiz-
khan ») : whether adopted at the
end of the 12th cent. or in
1203 or in 1206, the title
« Cinggis-khan » has been
explained in different ways.
« Činggis » (« Ch'êng-chi-ssŭ »)
has nothing to do with t'ien-tzŭ
nor t'ien-tzŭ. It is not the plural
of Čing (Rašīd). It is probable
that « Činggis » is derived from
the Turk. tängiz, « sea ». There
is no doubt that Chinghiz-khan
intended that he should be consi-

dered sovereign of the universel
« Činggis » is probably an epi-
thet, or name, not a title. In
Mongolian, Chinghiz-khan is
never called « Činggis », but
« Činggis-han » or « Činggis-qa'
an ». Činggis-qa'an is due to a
later alteration of Činggis-qan.
See p. 296-303.

CINGHIS (the title of Ča'ut-quri).
in 1194 or more probably 1196,
the Chin gave to Tämüǰin a
title which has often been mis-
read and misinterpreted. The
title is given in Chinese as
Ch'a-wu-t'u-lu, ch'a-kun-t'u-lu,
ch'a-wu-ku-lu. The Ulān-Bātor
ms. gives čay-un-t'ōrō (čūrū).
In the Secret History, cha-wu-
t'u-lu-li, ch'a-wu-t'u-lu-li sup-
pose Mong. originale *Ja'utquri
and *Ča'utquri. Rašīdu-'d-Dīn
gives J̌āūt-qūrī (Čāūt-qūrī). The
Ja'ut-quri was different from the
chao-t'ao-shih and ranked below
him. The explanation of Ja'ut-
quri as « centurion », « head of a
century » is probably etymolo-
gically correct, but the title
may have been of more impor-
tance in regard to Tämüǰin.
See p. 291-295.

CINGHIS (the tomb of Chinghiz-
khan) : the opinions concerning
the place where Chinghiz-khan
was buried are divergent. The
YS says that Chinghiz was
buried at the Ch'i-lien-ku; this
is probably not a transcription,
but means the « Valley » (ku)
where this « Imperial hearse »
(lien) was « raised » (ch'i) for
burial. According to Rašīdu-d'-
Dīn, the « great forbidden pre-
cinct » of Chinghiz-khan is at
the Bürqān-qāldūn; this must
be the « Buddha-Cliff » at the
source of the Onon; the Buda-
ündür, mentioned in another
text of Rašīd, is another name of
the Burqan-qaldun and the
Burqtu-yan of the Altan-tobči.
The Muna where the car with
Chinghiz-khan's coffin stuck in
the mud is the « Muni-ula »
north of the Huang-ho; « Yākā-
undui » in the Altan-tobči
and « Yākā-ütāk » in « Sanang
Setsen » are corrupt for « Yākā-
ündür, another form of Buda-
ündür, i. e. another name of