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| 0316 |
The Book of Ser Marco Polo : vol.2 |
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of which, such as the ill-will between the Generals, are no doubt genuine. But of
the story of the capture of the Japanese capital by the shipwrecked army we know not
what to make : we can't accept it certainly.
[The Korea Review publishes a History of Korea based upon Korean and Chinese
sources, from which we gather some interesting facts regarding the relations of
China, Korea, and Japan at the time of Kúbláï : "In 1265, the seed was sown that
led to the attempted invasion of Japan by the Mongols. A Koryú citizen, Cho I.,
found his way to Peking, and there, having gained the ear of the emperor, told him
that the Mongol powers ought to secure the vassalage of Japan. The emperor
listened favourably and determined to make advances in that direction. He therefore
appointed Heuk Chük and Eun Hong as envoys to Japan, and ordered them to go by
way of Koryü and take with them to Japan a Koryü envoy as well. Arriving in
Koryü they delivered this message to the king, and two officials, Son Kun-bi and
Kim Ch'an, were appointed to accompany them to Japan. They proceeded by the
way of Köje Harbor in Kyüng-sang Province, but were driven back by a fierce storm,
and the king sent the Mongol envoys back to Peking. The Emperor was ill satisfied
with the outcome of the adventure, and sent Heuk Chük with a letter to the king,
ordering him to forward the Mongol envoy to Japan. The message which he was to
deliver to the ruler of Japan said, 'The Mongol power is kindly disposed towards
you and desires to open friendly intercourse with you. She does not desire your
submission, but if you accept her patronage, the great Mongol empire will cover the
earth.' The king forwarded the message with the envoys to Japan, and informed the
emperor of the fact. . . . The Mongol and Koryü envoys, upon reaching the
Japanese capital, were treated with marked disrespect. . . . They remained five
months, . . . and at last they were dismissed without receiving any answer either
to the emperor or to the king." (II. pp. 37, 38.)
Such was the beginning of the difficulties with Japan ; this is the end of
them : "The following year, 1283, changed the emperor's purpose. He had time
to hear the whole story of the sufferings of his army in the last invasion ; the im-
possibility of squeezing anything more out of Koryü, and the delicate condition of
home affairs, united in causing him to give up the project of conquering Japan, and he
countermanded the order for the building of boats and the storing of grain." (II.
p. 82.)
Japan was then, for more than a century (A.D. 1205-1333), governed really in the
name of the descendants of Yoritomo, who proved unworthy of their great ancestor
"by the so-called 'Regents' of the Hôjô family, while their liege lords, the Shôguns,
though keeping a nominal court at Kamakura, were for all that period little better
than empty names. So completely were the Hôjôs masters of the whole country, that
they actually had their deputy governors at Kyôtô and in Kyûshû in the south-west,
and thought nothing of banishing Mikados to distant islands. Their rule was made
memorable by the repulse of the Mongol fleet sent by Kúbláï Khan with the purpose
of adding Japan to his gigantic dominions. This was at the end of the 13th century,
since which time Japan has never been attacked from without." (B. H. Chamberlain,
Things Japanese, 3rd ed., 1898, pp. 208-209.)
The sovereigns (Mikado, Tennô) of Japan during this period were : Kameyama-
Tennô (1260; abdicated 1274; repulse of the Mongols); Go-Uda-Tennô (1275;
abdicated 1287); Fushimi-Tennô (1288; abdicated 1298); and Go-Fushimi Tennô.
The shikken (prime ministers) were Hôjô Tokiyori (1246); Hôjô Tokimune (1261);
Hôjô Sadatoki (1284). In 1266 Prince Kore-yasu, and in 1289 Hisa-akira, were
appointed shôgun.—H. C.]
Note 2.—Ram. says he was sent to a certain island called Zorza (Chorcha?),
where men who have failed in duty are put to death in this manner: They wrap the
arms of the victim in the hide of a newly flayed buffalo, and sew it tight. As this
dries it compresses him so terribly that he cannot move, and so, finding no help, his
life ends in misery. The same kind of torture is reported of different countries in
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718
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731
732
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