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Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books

OE

70   MARCO POLO.

VOL. I. BK. II.

term derived from Mongol cinoa (pronounced Cino or cono), which

means ` wolf,' with the possessive suffix -ci, meaning accordingly a

` wolf-owner ' or ` wolf-keeper.' One of the Tibetan designations

for the mastiff is tang-k'i (written spyang-kyi), which signifies

literally ` wolf-dog.' The Mongol term is probably framed on

this Tibetan word. The other explanations given by Yule (4oí-

402) should be discarded."

Prof. Pelliot writes to me : " J'incline á croire que les Cunichi

sont á lire Cuiuci et répondent au kouei-tch'e ou kouei-yeou-tclz'e,

` censeurs,' des textes chinois ; les formes chinoises sont transcrites

du mongol et se rattachent au verbe güyü, ou güyi, ` courir' ;

on peut songer à restituer güyükci. Un Ming-ngan (= Minghan),

chef des kouei-tch'e, vivait sous Kúblái et a sa biographie au

ch. 135 du Yuan Che ; d'autre part, peut-être faut-il lire, par

déplacement de deux points diacritiques, Bayan güyükci dans

Rashid ed-Din, ed. BLOCHET, II., 501."

XX., p. 408, n. 6. Cachar Modun must be the place called

Ha-ch'a-mu-touen in the Yuan Shi, ch. ioo, f°. 2 r. (PELLIOT.)

XXIV., pp. 423, 43o. " Bark of Trees, made into something like

Paper, to pass for Money over all his Country."

Regarding Bretschneider's statement, p. 430, Dr. B. Laufer

writes to me : " This is a singular error of Bretschneider. Marco

Polo is perfectly correct : not only did the Chinese actually

manufacture paper from the bark of the mulberry tree (Morus

alba), but also it was this paper which was preferred for the

making of paper-money. Bretschneider is certainly right in

saying that paper is made from the Broussonetia, but he is

assuredly wrong in the assertion that paper is not made in China

from mulberry trees. This fact he could have easily ascertained

from S. Julien,' who alludes to mulberry tree paper twice, first,

as ` papier de racines et d'écorce de mûrier,' and, second, in

speaking of the bark paper from Broussonetia: ` On emploie

aussi pour le même usage l'écorce d' Hibiscus Rosa sincnsis et de

mûrier ; ce dernier papier sert encore à recueillir les graines

de vers à soie.' What is understood by the latter process may

be seen from Plate I. in Julien's earlier work on sericulture,2

I Industries anciennes et modernes de l'Empire chinois. Paris, 1869, pp. 145, 149.

2 Résumé des principaux Traités chinois sur la culture des múriers et l'éducation des vers a soie, Paris, 1837, p. 98. According to the notions of the Chinese, Julien remarks, everything made from hemp like cord and weavings is banished from the