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『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ
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| 0237 |
Innermost Asia : vol.1 |
| 極奥アジア : vol.1 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
months was attested by a regular flood bed, about 300 feet across and well marked to a height of
3½ feet above the surface of the actual flow.
This latter observation fully confirmed the statement recorded on my second journey that the Terminal
difficulty experienced in maintaining the present small terminal oasis of Endere is due mainly to oasis of
the frequent changes in the river's course lower down, consequent on the heavy summer floods.³ Endere.
I found no salinity in the kara-su water that filled the winter channel and no shôr on its banks.
Taking all these facts into consideration I see no reason to modify the views previously expressed
as to the conditions that in ancient times determined cultivation near the end of the Endere river,
conditions which have also affected the successive later attempts at resumed occupation after
prolonged abandonment.⁴
It is these repeated changes, to which its occupation has in historical times been subject, that Search for
lend a special interest to ancient remains in this district. I had therefore already, before my arrival ruins
at Kāshgar, arranged through Badruddin Khān for a renewed search to be made by certain of beyond
my old Niya diggers for previously unexplored ruins. The report received from one of them while Endere.
I was at Khotan had not sounded encouraging ; for they had found only some rough timber and reed
huts such as shepherds still build to-day, in the forest belt at some distance above Bāba-koidi on
the Charchan road (Map No. 19. D. 1) and evidently not far from an old bed of the Endere river,
and another little group of rough structures in the jungle of Shūdan (Map No. 23. A. 1). They
also had heard from a Niya shepherd of a site with more substantial ruins including a ' P'ao-t'ai ',
which he called Kôk-tim (' the green tower ') and which he said he had come upon by chance
some ' five marches ' south of Shūdan. On being sent back to look for this ' Kôk-tim ' the party
had not been able to secure Ahmad, the pretended guide, and in consequence all but one of them
failed to meet me at Endere-langar, as arranged. The two ' old houses ' which that man was
prepared to indicate to the north-west of Kamaghaz were manifestly identical with the small ruins
already visited in 1906 near the ancient watch station at the southern end of the site,⁵ and when
subsequently asked to accompany us to Shūdan he, too, decamped.
In view of the negative result of these inquiries and those made here in 1905 by Professor Route from
Huntington, I consider it very improbable that there exist any remains of ancient settlements, Endere to
other than mere shepherds' huts and the like, in the desert separating the riverine belts of Endere Charchan.
and Charchan. I had already followed the caravan route passing through it in 1906,⁶ and no
further account of the ground or of early travellers' references to it is needed. I found, however,
signs of increasing traffic and of some improvement of travel conditions in the shape of newly
built 'Langars' at the wells where we halted. Exceptionally clear atmospheric conditions allowed
me on the last two marches before Charchan to sight the great snow-covered range of the K'un-lun,
and thus to fix exactly our positions on the plane table from high peaks triangulated in 1906.
In the report on my second journey I have fully discussed the physical aspects of the Charchan Expansion
oasis and its importance as a link on the southern trade route of the Tārim Basin. I have also of Charchan
reviewed there the scanty remains of its early occupation, and the historical records bearing on the oasis.
peripeteias through which it has passed since Han times.⁷ My renewed brief stay at Charchan,
necessary for the purpose of securing fresh camels and supplies, furnished distinct evidence of an
increase of cultivation and prosperity since my first visit. The western limit of the oasis now
approached close to the small ruin known as Tam, and its southern limit had encroached still
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339
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421
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453
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463
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473
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483
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494
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504
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515
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525
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536
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546
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556
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566
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577
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587
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597
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607
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617
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627
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637
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647
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657
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667
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677
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684
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